一. 特殊疑问词或短语：
1. 定义：用来提问的代词或副词，引导的句子通常为特殊疑问句；
2. 分类及用法：
(1) what意为“什么”，为疑问代词用来询问事物或者所做的事情；
e.g. ①What’s this in English?
It’s an apple.
②What’s does your father do?
He is a doctor.
③What is Tom doing?
He is doing his homework.
(2) who意为“谁”，用来询问人，宾格为whom；名词所有格为whose，whose意为“谁的”，用来询问物体所属；who，whom和whose均为疑问代词；
e.g. ①Who is the man over there?
He is my English teacher.
②Whose book is it?
It’s Mary’s.
③Whom/Who did you go to the park with?
With my mother.
(3) where意为“哪里”，为疑问副词，用来询问地点；相当于what place（什么地方），但what place为疑问代词短语；
e.g. ①Where is the library?
It’s between the bank and the supermarket.
②Where did your father go last week?
He went to Beijing.
③Where did Tom live?
He lives in Shanghai.
④What place does Tom live in?
He lives in Shanghai.
(4) why意为“为什么”，为疑问副词，用来询问原因，通常情况下，答语用because来作答；
e.g.①Why do you like dogs?
Because they are cute and loyal.
②Why does Mary look tired?
Because she stayed up late yesterday.
(5) when意为“何时，什么时候”，为疑问副词，用来询问时间点；what time意为“几点钟，什么时候”，也用来询问时间点，答语只能为几点钟或是几点几分；可用when来替换，when的使用范围较广，所有的时间点都可以用when来提问；
e.g. ①When/What time does Tom usually go to school every day?
At 6:30.
②When is your mother’s birthday?
It’s in July/on July 1st.
③When did you go to France?
Last year.
(6) how意为“怎么样，如何”，为疑问副词,用来询问身体状况或是方式，答语通常用by（通过什么样的方式）来回答；
e.g. ①How is your brother?
He is fine. Thanks.
②How does your uncle go to work from Monday to Friday?
By bus.
③How does Mary study English?
By repeating English words and listening English songs.
(7)how long意为“多久，多长时间”，用来询问时间段，答语通常为时间段或是“for +时间段”；
e.g. ①How long does it take you to go to school?
Half an hour.
②How long does Tom learn Japanese?
For five years.
(8) how many或是how much意为“多少”，用来询问数量；how many用来询问可数名词的数量，how much用来询问不可数名词的数量；
e.g. ①How many bananas do we need?
Five bananas.
②How much water did your father drink today?
=How many cups of water did you father drink today?
Three cups of water.
(9)how far意为“多远”，用来询问距离；
e.g. ①How far is it from your home to school?
About twenty minutes’ walk.
②How far is it from here to the supermarket?
About three kilometers.
(10) how often意为“多久一次”，用来询问频率，答语通常为表频率的短语（如three times a week）或是频率副词；相当于“how many times +时间段”，意为“多长时间几次”；
e.g. ①How often do you usually watch TV?
Twice a week.
②How many times a month does your father go to the park?
Three times.
(11) what color意为“什么颜色”，用来询问颜色，答语通常为表示颜色的词；
e.g. ①What color is it?
It’s blue.
②What color do you like best?
Pink.
(12) how much意为“多少钱”，用来询问价格；相当于what’s the price of…
e.g. ①How much does the sweater cost you?
Five hundred yuan.
②How much is the book?
=What’s the price of the book?
It’s ten dollars.
(13) how soon意为“多久以后”，用来询问时间，用于一般将来时，答语通常为“in +时间段”；
e.g.①How soon will Tom go to Beijing?
In five days.
②How soon will they start to study this course?
In one month. /One month later.
(14) how old意为“多大，几岁”，用来询问年龄；
e.g. ①How old is your father?
He is in fifties.
②How old is your mother?
He is at the age of forty.
③How old is your brother?
He is ten years old.
(15) what day意为“星期几”，用来询问星期，答语为表示星期几的单词；what’s the date意为“几号”，用来询问日期，答语为“几月几号”；
e.g. ①What day is it today?
It’s Sunday.
②When is it today?
It’s on Sunday.
③What’s the date today?
It’s June 2nd.
④When is it today?
It’s on June 1st.
(16) what else意为“别的什么”，用来询问事情或东西。
e.g. What else do you need?
Two cups of water are ok.
二. 习题精品专练：......
习题及答案见于公众号初高中英语学习资料
