之前写了半个月英语听说读写的学习,最后选择用英国女王的17年圣诞演讲做综合示例,这也标志着英语学习方法暂告终结。本文的各种分析对于已有的方法和资源不再赘述,因此如果遇到想了解更多的部分,建议阅读相关章节。
女王17年圣诞演讲视频(中英对照字幕):https://v.qq.com/x/page/g0524os3rap.html
建议在听第一遍或阅读本文之前,不要看字幕当成听力来做,可以关闭显示屏或者用纸挡住下方,做听写效果更佳。诚实听,不含糖;不看字幕,疗效好。
(从2分12秒开始,前两段见之前文章)For many, the idea of "home" reaches beyond a physical building to a hometown or city. This Christmas, I think of London and Manchester, whose powerful identities shone through over the past twelve months in the face of appalling attacks.
【衔接】For many, the idea of "home" reaches beyond a physical building to a home town or city. 上文讲的是人们回家这个主题,这句话将概念从具象的楼房、血缘家庭扩展到家乡和城镇,接下来就是主要描述后者的内容了。
the idea of A reaches beyond a physical XX to XXX(可以直译为A的概念不仅包含XX还包含XXX)在句式上也是一个点睛之笔,可以灵活应用于抽象概念的讨论,比如亲情不仅仅是血缘纽带更是照顾日常起居和关心爱护;中国人爱国不仅是国籍认同更包括对中华民族的热爱,等等。
【语音】这句话里,home前后出现了两次,有一个小小的对比,因此在语音层面,女王将第一个home 是句子重读,因为它是句子主干的核心;第二个home位于to引导的宾语部分,虽然也是句子重读,但要比第一个轻快一些,强调程度没有第一个重。
【语法-through】powerful identities shone through over the past twelve months里面的through是介词么?查了下《牛津搭配词典》,并没有shine through的搭配。因此through在这里是副词,表示一个活动、一段时间或一个情景的从头到尾from the beginning to the end of an activity, a situation or a period of time,例句1 The children are too young to sit through a concert. 孩子们还小,无法坚持听完音乐会;例句2 He will not live through the night. 他活不过今晚。例句3 I'm halfway through (= reading) her second novel. 我把她第二部小说读了一半。
此外,through 还有几个有意思的用法:
Her knees had gone through (= made holes in) her jeans. 裤子膝盖处磨破了;The sand ran through (=between) my fingers. 沙子从指间落下;这两个句子里,though作from one end or side of something/somebody to the other。
He drove through a red light (= passed it when he should have stopped). 他开车闯红灯;I'd never have got through it all (= a difficult situation) without you. 要是没有你,我一定挺不过去。这两句里through作past a barrier, stage or test。
It was through him (= as a result of his help) that I got the job. 就是因为他的帮忙我才找到工作。Through作by means of; because of。
【语音-停顿】This Christmas, I think of London and Manchester, whose powerful identities shone through // over the past twelve months // in the face of appalling attacks. 这句话的停顿//充分体现了按意群划分的特点,在这句里就是按照句子成分走的。同时,为什么在讲到through的意义时先查搭配,只查shine through 却不查shine over?因为句子停顿已经充分说明shine 和over 分属两个意群。假设是同一个动词词组的动词和介词,是不会有这么大的停顿的。
In Manchester, thosetargeted included children who had gone to see their favorite singer. A fewdays after the bombing, I had the privilege of meeting some of the youngsurvivors and their parents.
【语法】those targeted直译是被恐怖分子当做目标的人们,可以翻译为受害者。“the + 形容词”可以表示一类人,在同义替换的时候特别好用,比如the elderly老年人、the disabled残疾人、the vulnerable弱势群体、容易受到伤害的人(通常指小孩妇女)等等。
【写作技巧】古希腊修辞学认为合格的演讲(或者写作)必须具备ethos, pathos和 logos三个要素。Ethos是指可信度,也就是说演讲者或是作者必须要让自己显得可信。Pathos指的是情感,也就是说作者或是演讲者通过煽动受众情绪来达到演讲的目的。Logos和pathos相对,指的是利用完全的逻辑来说服听众。
小孩、偶像的演唱会 VS 恐怖袭击、目标,弱小纯真与强大邪恶的对比跃然纸上,听众的怜悯同情和愤怒一起上涌,不得不说 pathos的运用很成功。
【同义替换】英语语言与中文的不同点之一就是英文使用丰富多样的形式,从各种角度描述同一个概念,比如those targeted = children = the young survivors。