课前想一想
1.英国第二大癌症杀手是什么?
2.你听说过基因检测吗?
3."a brave new world"是一个勇敢新世界吗?
词汇装备库
1.cavalier/kaeve'lir/(adj.)满不在乎的,漫不经心的
a cavalier attitude 漫不经心的态度
2.straightaway/streite'wei/(adv.)立即,马上
3. utterly/'Aterli/(adv.)完全地,绝对地
4 . controversial/ ka : ntre ' V3 : r j 1 /(adj.)有争议的,引起争议的
a controversial issue引起争议的话题
a controversial speech有争议的讲话
5.radical/raedikl/(adj.)激进的;过激的;(指移除所有患病组织)根本的
radical treatment根治疗法
6.bowel/baol/(n.)肠
bowel cancer 肠癌
bowel scope 肠镜
7.gut/gat/(n.)消化道,肠道
8.polyp/pa:hp/(n.)息肉
9.benign/bI'nain/(adj.)良性的
*反义词是malignant(恶性的)
a benign tumor 良性肿瘤
a malignant tumor 恶性肿瘤
词句兵工厂
My life has not changed one iota.我的生活没有丝毫变化。
Note:
1.iota/ai'outa/(n.)极少量(iota是希腊语字母表的第九个字母)
not one iota丝毫没有
He got not one iota of thanks for he efforts.他的努力没有得到丝毫的感谢。
There is not one iota of truth in the story.这个故事是完全虚构的。
词句兵工厂
In the name of science, however, I'm about to give it a go .但以科学之名,我一会儿要试一试。
Note:
1. in the name of sb以某人的名义
The house is in the name of my parents.这套房子在我的父母名下。
in the name of sth以...之名
Open up, in the name of the law! 我以法律的名义请你开门!
in the name of God/
in the name of heaven看在上帝的份上/老天啊(用于加强语气)
in the name of science以科学之名
In the name of God, stop that noise! 看在上帝的份上,别再吵了!
2.be about to do sth很快就要做某事
3.give it a go 尝试做某事,试试看(美语常说give it a shot)
来看下面这段对话~
A:I don't know how to cook properly.我不知道烹饪的正确方式。
B: Come on, you should give it a go, I'm sure you'll be fine ! 来吧,试一试,没事的。
词句兵工厂
It sounds perverse, but it is actually the best cancer to have in terms of survival rates if you pick it up early. 听起来可能有悖常理,但从生存率角度来说,如果发现得早,这是最好的癌症了。
Note:
1.perverse/par'v3:rs/(adj.)有惊常理的,任性的
She took a perverse pleasure in hearing that her friend was getting divorced.
有悖常理的是,她听说她朋友要离婚时竟幸灾乐祸。
2.in terms of 就...而言
3.survival rate存活率
mortality rate死亡率
词句兵工厂
Amongst other things, this breakthrough has given rise to a brave new world of tests which divide opinion. 这项重大突破使得全新的检查得以发展,但也引起了很多意见分歧。
Note:
1.amongst/a'mAnst/(prep.)在...(群体)中*英式英语是amongst,美式英语是among
2.breakthrough/'breikeru:/(n.)重大突破,进展
Scientists are hoping for a breakthrough in the search for a cure for cancer.
科学家们希望在治愈癌症的研究上取得突破。
3.give rise to sth引起,导致
The technological advances gave rise to the Industrial Revolution. 技术进步引发了工业革命。
4.a brave new world一个全新的世界
brave new /'breIV nu:/(adj.)新的,崭新的
5. divide/di'vaid/(v.)产生分歧,意见相左
divide opinion产生意见分歧
We are divided on this issue. 我们在这个问题上有分歧。
语法轻知识
What is the meaning of "at the helm of"?
at the helm of是什么意思?
Marker sentence:
Consultant nurse Maggie Vance will be at the helm of this procedure, called a bowel scope.
顾问护士玛吉·万斯将会进行这个叫做肠镜的检查。
helm指舵柄、蛇轮,舵柄的作用是在轮船的行进过程中掌握方向。
sb is at the helm of sth就是掌管、负责的意思,也可以翻译为“掌舵”、“掌权”。
1.某人在掌权 sb is at the helm
With Steve Lewis at the helm, we are certain of success.
由史蒂夫·刘易斯负责,我们肯定会成功。
The company began to make profits again with the new managing director at the helm.
有了新经理掌舵,公司又开始盈利了。
2.负责/执掌...at the helm of sth
Nancy has been at the helm of our department for so long that I can't imagine what it will be like once she retires!
南希在我们部门干了这么长时间,我无法想象她退休后部门会是什么样子!
3.开始负责、开始掌管...take the helm
After years of training, the executive was ready to take the helm of the company.
经过多年的训练后,这位主管已准备好掌管这家公司。
另外,下面这些词组也可以表示负责、掌管:
in charge of 负责某事
take charge of 开始接手、开始负责...
be in control of sb 在某人掌管/控制之下
I'll be in charge of the whole factory
next week when the director is away.下周厂长不在时,我将负责整个工厂。
Who's in charge here?这里由谁负责?
Mr Brown is in control of the money 现在由布郎先生管理钱财。
实战练兵场
(2011年暨南大学706外语(英)水平考试-考研真题)
Mr. Porter strongly disagrees. He starts by acknowledging that competition, as it has been introduced to America's health system, has in fact done more ham than good. But he argues that competition has been introduced piecemeal, incoherent and counter-productive ways that lead to perverse incentives and worse outcomes;"health-care competition is not focused on delivering value for patients," he says.
12. The word "perverse"(paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to___.
A.harmful B.economic C.strong D.reversed
重点解析:
题目考查的是:perverse与选项中的哪个词含义最相近?我们先来扫清一些生词:
piecemeal一步一地,逐渐地
incoherent不连贯的,没有条理的
counter-productive适得其反的,产生相反作用的
perverse出现在lead to的后面,lead to后面通常跟一些不好的结果,对应开头的“in fact done more harm than good"和最后一句话“health-care competition is not focused on delivering value for patients,"可以推断出卫生保健的竞争其实并不是在给患者提供价值,而是弊大于利。下面我们逐个分析选项:
A.harmful有害的
B.economic经济的
C.strong强壮的,强大的
D.reversed颠倒的,相反的
这里perverse表达的是一个负面的含义,因此所选词汇应该是贬义的,因此B、C项可以排除。D项其实也是中性词,没有贬义,并且句意并不能反映出“颠倒”的含义。因此正确答案是A。
perverse incentives,表示不正当的激励。
文化加油站
Talk show小贴士
1. Calling and scheduling an appointment with a doctor is important to make sure you don't have any early health risks.
打电话预约医生体检对于确保你没有患一些疾病的早期风险是很重要的。
schedule/skedu:l/(v.)为...安排时间
2. It is said that these screenings can help evaluate your state of well-being and help diagnose any potential problems that might be cropping up.
据说这些筛查可以帮助评估你的健康状况,并帮助诊断可能出现的任何潜在问题。
crop up意外发生;冒出;突然出现
3. I've heard a very sarcastic story.我听说过一个非常讽刺的故事。
sarcastic/sa:r'kaestik/(adj.)讽刺的,嘲笑的
4. Find problems before they start.杜绝一切隐患。
5.safe and sound 安然无恙
主题打包盒
1.虽然很多筛查项目都饱受争议,但有一项检查是多数专家都认为非常有益的,那就是肠镜检查。这种检查会通过一个微型摄像头探查体内的结肠,查找肠癌的迹象。肠镜检查受到肯定的原因,或许因为在英国,大肠癌是第二大癌症杀手。
2.体检筛查并非完全没有风险,包括肠镜。现在看来,健康人群中筛查乳腺癌和前列腺癌是有争议的。然而,摩斯利又体检了一种更具争议性的项目—基因检测,他试图发现能否通过检测基因帮助我们更好地了解自己的健康状况。