L5
一.电商成本主要分成以下四个方面，平台固定成本、运营成本、货品成本和人员成本，如下图，可以简写为ROPG， 很适合各个纬度的电商企业核算自身成本
1、平台固定成本（Rental cost）
此部分属于电商运营的基建成本，对于天猫运营商来讲R指的是保证金、技术服务年费、实时划扣技术服务费。
2、运营成本（Operating cost）
此部分属于电商运营的扩展建设成本，我们把它划分为硬运营成本和软运营成本。
（1）硬运营成本：在此所谓的硬运营成本指的是电商运营中所需要的一次性或稳定固定额度的硬件或后端软件的成本。如CRM系统、ERP系统等软件或打印机、扫码枪等硬件购置成本。
（2）软运营成本：在此所谓的软运营成本指的是电商运营所需要做的推广投入。现今主流的推广模式有四种：CPC (按点击效果付费）、CPM（按展现付费）、CPT（单位时长付费）、CPS（按效果付费）。
3、 货品成本（Goods cost）
此部分属于电商运营的核心元素成本，主要包含货品净成本、库存积压成本、仓库管理成本、货品残损成本等。
4、 人员成本（Personnel cost）
此部分属于电商运营的支撑元素成本，主要包含员工成本、场地成本、管理成本、办公设备成本等。
二.
三.https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Price
Economic price theory asserts that in a free market economy the market price reflects interaction between supply and demand: the price is set so as to equate the quantity being supplied and that being demanded. In turn these quantities are determined by the marginal utility of the asset to different buyers and to different sellers. In reality, the price may be distorted by other factors, such as tax and other government regulations.
关键词：supply and deman
the marginal utility
L6
一.
二.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_model
In theory and practice, the term business model is used for a broad range of informal and formal descriptions to represent core aspects of a business, including purpose, business process, target customers, offerings, strategies, infrastructure, organizational structures, sourcing, trading practices, and operational processes and policies including culture.
关键词：business process
organizational structures
