// -m 生成迁移文件
php artisan make:model Post -m
php artisan make:controller PostController --resource
php artisan make:resource PostResource

控制器

<?php 
use App\Http\Resources\PostResource;
use App\Models\Post;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Validation\ValidationException;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\ModelNotFoundException;

class PostController extends Controller
{
    // 列表 (Index)
    public function index(Request $request)
    {
        $query = Post::query();

        // 搜索条件
        if ($request->has('search')) {
            $search = $request->input('search');
            $query->where('title', 'like', "%{$search}%")
                  ->orWhereHas('user', function ($q) use ($search) {
                      $q->where('name', 'like', "%{$search}%");
                  })
                  ->orWhereHas('email', function ($q) use ($email) {
                      $q->where('email',  $email);
                  });
        }

        // 排序
        $sortBy = $request->input('sort_by', 'created_at');
        $sortOrder = $request->input('sort_order', 'desc');
        $query->orderBy($sortBy, $sortOrder);

        // 分页
        $perPage = $request->input('per_page', 10);
        $posts = $query->with(['user', 'category'])->paginate($perPage);

        return PostResource::collection($posts);
    }

    // 创建 (Create)
    public function store(Request $request)
    {
        try {
            $validated = $request->validate([
                'title' => 'required|string|max:255',
                'content' => 'required|string',
                'user_id' => 'required|exists:users,id',
                'category_id' => 'required|exists:categories,id',
            ]);

            $post = Post::create($validated);

            return new PostResource($post);
        } catch (ValidationException $e) {
            return response()->json(['error' => $e->errors()], 422);
        } catch (\Exception $e) {
            return response()->json(['error' => 'An error occurred while creating the post.'], 500);
        }
    }

    // 读取 (Read)
    public function show($id)
    {
        try {
            $post = Post::findOrFail($id);
            return new PostResource($post);
        } catch (ModelNotFoundException $e) {
            return response()->json(['error' => 'Post not found'], 404);
        } catch (\Exception $e) {
            return response()->json(['error' => 'An error occurred while retrieving the post.'], 500);
        }
    }

    // 更新 (Update)
    public function update(Request $request, $id)
    {
        try {
            $validated = $request->validate([
                'title' => 'required|string|max:255',
                'content' => 'required|string',
                'user_id' => 'required|exists:users,id',
                'category_id' => 'required|exists:categories,id',
            ]);

            $post = Post::findOrFail($id);
            $post->update($validated);

            return new PostResource($post);
        } catch (ValidationException $e) {
            return response()->json(['error' => $e->errors()], 422);
        } catch (ModelNotFoundException $e) {
            return response()->json(['error' => 'Post not found'], 404);
        } catch (\Exception $e) {
            return response()->json(['error' => 'An error occurred while updating the post.'], 500);
        }
    }

    // 删除 (Delete)
    public function destroy($id)
    {
        try {
            $post = Post::findOrFail($id);
            $post->delete();

            return response()->json(null, 204);
        } catch (ModelNotFoundException $e) {
            return response()->json(['error' => 'Post not found'], 404);
        } catch (\Exception $e) {
            return response()->json(['error' => 'An error occurred while deleting the post.'], 500);
        }
    }
}

模型

<?php
// app/Models/Post.php
namespace App\Models;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;

class Post extends Model
{
    use HasFactory;

    protected $fillable = ['user_id', 'category_id', 'title', 'content'];

    public function user()
    {
        return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
    }

    public function category()
    {
        return $this->belongsTo(Category::class);
    }
}

<?php
// app/Models/User.php
namespace App\Models;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;

class User extends Model
{
    use HasFactory;

    protected $fillable = ['name', 'email', 'password'];

    public function posts()
    {
        return $this->hasMany(Post::class);
    }
}

<?php
// app/Models/Category.php
namespace App\Models;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;

class Category extends Model
{
    use HasFactory;

    protected $fillable = ['name'];

    public function posts()
    {
        return $this->hasMany(Post::class);
    }
}

资源

<?php 
namespace App\Http\Resources;

use Illuminate\Http\Resources\Json\JsonResource;



/**
 * Transform the resource into an array.
 *
 * @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
 * @return array
 */
public function toArray($request)
{
    // 自动返回模型的所有字段
    $data = parent::toArray($request);

    // 添加自定义字段
    $data['user'] = new UserResource($this->whenLoaded('user'));
    $data['category'] = new CategoryResource($this->whenLoaded('category'));

    return $data;

    //return [
    //  'id' => $this->id,
    //  'title' => $this->title,
    //  'content' => $this->content,
    //];

}

路由

use App\Http\Controllers\PostController;

Route::apiResource('posts', PostController::class);