CMake是一个跨平台的Makefile生成工具,可以根据特定的规则生成相应的Makefile文件,并对C/C++源代码进行编译和管理。
有一篇博客介绍CMake的使用,比较通俗易懂,链接地址是:Cmake 详解
CMake的官方下载地址为:https://cmake.org/download/
官方文档地址为:CMake 3.16 Documentation
官方的CMake指南地址为:CMake Tutorial
一、CMake中添加对C++11的支持
1、在对应的CMakeLists.txt文件中加入以下语句:
add_definitions(-std=c++11)
或者
if(CMAKE_COMPILER_IS_GNUCXX)
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "-std=c++11 -g ${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS}")
endif(CMAKE_COMPILER_IS_GNUCXX)
2、延伸 如何写cmake使其包含c++11特性 (-std=c++11如何写进cmakeList.txt)
使用的g++版本和cmake版本分别是g++ 4.8.2和cmake 2.8
之前写cmkae编译带有c++11特性的代码有这么一句:
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -std=c++11")
但是总会出现cc1plus: error: unrecognized command line option "-std=c++11" 报错。
所以set(QMAKE_CXXFLAGS "-std=c++11") 类似的写法肯定不行。
后来发现是std=c++11 这种写法老版本不支持。
ok
直接测试新写法 CMakeLists.txt文件如下所示:
#CMakeLists.txt
project(test)
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8)
aux_source_directory(. SRC_LIST)
add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME} ${SRC_LIST}${PROJECT_NAME}.cpp)
include(CheckCXXCompilerFlag)
CHECK_CXX_COMPILER_FLAG("-std=c++11" COMPILER_SUPPORTS_CXX11)
CHECK_CXX_COMPILER_FLAG("-std=c++0x" COMPILER_SUPPORTS_CXX0X)
if(COMPILER_SUPPORTS_CXX11)
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -std=c++11")
elseif(COMPILER_SUPPORTS_CXX0X)
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -std=c++0x")
else()
message(STATUS "The compiler ${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER} has no C++11 support. Please use a different C++ compiler.")
endif()
测试c++11代码如下:
//test.cc
#include <iostream>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
const std::vector<int>v(1);
auto a = v[0];//a为int类型
cout <<"a : "<< a <<endl;
decltype(v[0]) b = 0;//b为const int&类型,即std::vector<int>::operator[](size_type)const的返回类型
auto c = 0;//c为int类型
auto d = c;//d为int类型
decltype(c) e;//e为int类型,c实体的类型
decltype((c)) f = e;//f为int&类型,因为(c)是左值
decltype(0) g;//g为int类型,因为0是右值
return 0;
}
examples_CMake项目
github上面有一个韩国人jacking75写的简单的cmake使用示例,
examples_CMake项目地址是:https://github.com/jacking75/examples_CMake
CMake例子
范例介绍
示例代码在CMake_example目录中。
01 helloworld 一个简单文件中的-C ++代码
- main.cpp
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
auto name = "jacking";
std::cout << "hello world: " << name << std::endl;
return 0;
}
- CMakeLists.txt
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8)
add_definitions(-std=c++11)
add_executable(Main main.cpp)
02 helloworld-设置编译器选项。 -Wall,C ++ 14
- main.cpp
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
auto name = "jacking";
std::cout << "hello world: " << name << std::endl;
return 0;
}
- CMakeLists.txt
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8)
add_definitions("-Wall -std=c++14")
add_executable(Main main.cpp)
03 helloworld-如果您有除主代码文件以外的其他代码文件
- main.cpp
#include "test.h"
int main()
{
TEST test;
test.Print();
return 0;
}
- test.h
class TEST
{
public:
void Print();
};
- test.cpp
#include "test.h"
#include <iostream>
void TEST::Print()
{
std::cout << "Test::Print" << std::endl;
}
- CMakeLists.txt
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8)
add_executable(Main
main.cpp
test.cpp
)
04 helloworld-如果mai.cpp以外的文件位于其他目录中
源代码04_helloworld目录结构如下:
[root@ltcos01 04_helloworld]$ tree -L 2
.
├── CMakeLists.txt
├── main.cpp
├── test01
│ ├── test01.cpp
│ └── test01.h
└── test02
├── test02.cpp
└── test02.h
2 directories, 6 files
- main.cpp
#include "test01/test01.h"
#include "test02/test02.h"
int main()
{
TEST01 test01;
test01.Print();
TEST02 test02;
test02.Print();
return 0;
}
test01目录下 有test01.h和test01.cpp这两个文件
- test01/test01.h
class TEST01
{
public:
void Print();
};
- test01/test01.cpp
#include "test01.h"
#include <iostream>
void TEST01::Print()
{
std::cout << "Test01::Print" << std::endl;
}
test02目录下有test02.h和test02.cpp这两个文件
- test02/test02.h
class TEST02
{
public:
void Print();
};
- test02/test02.cpp
#include "test02.h"
#include <iostream>
void TEST02::Print()
{
std::cout << "Test02::Print" << std::endl;
}
- CMakeLists.txt
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8)
add_executable(Main
main.cpp
test01/test01.cpp
test02/test02.cpp
)
05 helloworld-reference 创建静态文件后
05_helloworld源代码目录树结构如下所示:
[root@ltcos01 05_helloworld]$ tree -L 2
.
├── CMakeLists.txt
├── main.cpp
├── test01
│ ├── CMakeLists.txt
│ ├── test01.cpp
│ └── test01.h
└── test02
├── CMakeLists.txt
├── test02.cpp
└── test02.h
2 directories, 8 files
- main.cpp
#include "test01/test01.h"
#include "test02/test02.h"
int main()
{
TEST01 test01;
test01.Print();
TEST02 test02;
test02.Print();
return 0;
}
- CMakeLists.txt
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8)
add_subdirectory(test01)
add_subdirectory(test02)
add_executable(Main main.cpp)
target_link_libraries(Main Test01 Test02)
test01目录下有test01.h和test01.cpp以及相应的CMakeLists.txt文件
- test01/test01.h
class TEST01
{
public:
void Print();
};
- test01/test01.cpp
#include "test01.h"
#include <iostream>
void TEST01::Print()
{
std::cout << "Test01::Print" << std::endl;
}
- test01/CMakeLists.txt
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8)
add_library(Test01 STATIC
test01.cpp
)
上面的test01目录下的CMakeLists.txt的add_library(Test01 STATIC test01.cpp)指令会生成相应的静态库文件libTest01.a
test02目录下和test01目录结构一样,也有test02.h和test02.cpp以及相应的CMakeLists.txt文件
- test01/test02.h
class TEST02
{
public:
void Print();
};
- test02/test02.cpp
#include "test02.h"
#include <iostream>
void TEST02::Print()
{
std::cout << "Test02::Print" << std::endl;
}
- test02/CMakeLists.txt
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8)
add_library(Test02 STATIC
test02.cpp
)
同样的,在上面的test02目录下执行cmake命令会生成相应的静态库文件libTest02.a。具体操作过程如下:新建一个build目录,然后进入到build目录下执行cmake ..运行上一级目录即test02下的CMakeLists.txt文件,操作如下:
[root@ltcos01 test02]$ ls
build CMakeLists.txt test02.cpp test02.h
[root@ltcos01 test02]$ cd build/
[root@ltcos01 build]$ ls
[root@ltcos01 build]$ cmake ..
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 4.8.5
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 4.8.5
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- works
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Detecting C compile features
-- Detecting C compile features - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Detecting CXX compile features
-- Detecting CXX compile features - done
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /data/public/home/cchufeng/GithubProjects/examples_CMake/CMake_example/05_helloworld/test02/build
[root@ltcos01 build]$ make
Scanning dependencies of target Test02
[ 50%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/Test02.dir/test02.cpp.o
[100%] Linking CXX static library libTest02.a
[100%] Built target Test02
[root@ltcos01 build]$ ls
CMakeCache.txt CMakeFiles cmake_install.cmake libTest02.a Makefile
[root@ltcos01 build]$
06 helloworld-指定编译器
- main.cpp
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
auto name = "jacking";
std::cout << "hello world: " << name << std::endl;
return 0;
}
- CMakeLists.txt
PROJECT(hello)
set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER g++)
add_definitions("-Wall -std=c++14")
ADD_EXECUTABLE(main main.cpp)
07 helloworld-使用外部库(此处为Boost库)
- main.cpp
#include <boost/thread.hpp>
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
std::cout << "Boost.Thread !!!" << std::endl;
boost::thread Thread1( [] ()
{
for( int i = 0; i < 5; ++i )
{
std::cout << "Thread Num : " << i << std::endl;
}
} );
Thread1.join();
return 0;
}
- CMakeLists.txt
PROJECT(hello)
set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER g++)
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "-m64")
add_definitions("-Wall -std=c++14")
INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES(/$ENV{HOME}/Dev/C++/ThirdParty/boost_1_60_0)
LINK_DIRECTORIES(/$ENV{HOME}/Dev/C++/ThirdParty/boost_1_60_0/stage/gcc/lib)
ADD_EXECUTABLE(hello-boost hello-boost.cpp)
TARGET_LINK_LIBRARIES(hello-boost pthread boost_thread boost_system boost_chrono)