1937年12月13日,日军侵占中国首都南京后,对中国人实施了长达40多天惨绝人寰的大屠杀,制造了震惊中外的南京大屠杀惨案。在这场暴行中,日军逢人便杀,见房就烧,奸淫虏掠,无恶不作,30多万中国人惨遭杀戮,约2万名中国妇女遭日军奸淫,南京城三分之一的房屋被日军纵火烧毁。
第二次世界大战前及期间纳粹分子对犹太人的大屠杀在西方称得上家喻户晓,但关于南京大屠杀,英文世界里却几乎没有任何书籍提及,普通人更是对此几乎一无所知。直到一本书的出现。
1997年,时年29岁的华裔记者张纯如(Iris Chang)发表了英文著作《南京浩劫:被遗忘的大屠杀》(“The Rape of Nanking”),震惊了世界。在这本书中,大量的史料得到了首次曝光,许多的史实第一次用英文得到了描述。这本书,让西方世界的大多数人首次了解到了日军的暴行,让南京大屠杀成为了全世界的共同历史记忆。
张纯如在查阅南京大屠杀相关资料时,看到了大量惨绝人寰的画面,这给她日后的生活造成了严重的影响。2004年,张纯如不堪长期抑郁症折磨以及来自日本右翼的骚扰,举枪自杀,时年36岁。斯人已逝,但她的文字永存。当我们祭奠南京大屠杀死难者的时候,不会忘记这位用笔记录历史的勇敢女孩。
本篇课程首发于2018年12月13日,选自 The Japan Times
文本难度:
话题难度:
In 'The Rape of Nanking' Iris Chang deconstructs the horrors of war
① Iris Chang's groundbreaking work, "The Rape of Nanking" is widely credited with publicizing the World War II atrocity that many in Japan continue to deny or belittle as exaggeration.
② Graphically observant to multiple atrocities, it is not a book for the faint-hearted. Despite this, it is immensely readable.
③ While Chang's scholarship has been equally applauded and criticized across the globe, the power of the book comes from her creative efforts to consider multiple perspectives. Throughout, she deliberately considers the event's three main groups of participants: the Japanese military, Chinese residents, and Western observers.
④ The opening chapters walk the reader through the military history that brought Japan to China and explores the viewpoint of the Chinese military and their decision to order the protecting army to retreat, and finally reveals the observations of Western missionaries, professors and even a "Nazi hero" who were witnesses to the slaughter.
⑤ Chang ends the book with "The Forgotten Holocaust: A Second Rape," a section that squarely puts the blame of an academic cover-up for Nanking on Japan.
▍生词好句
deconstruct /ˌdiːkənˈstrʌkt/: vt. 结构;拆析
groundbreaking /ˈɡraʊndˌbreɪkɪŋ/: adj. 开创性的
be credited with: 被归功于
atrocity /əˈtrɒsəti, əˈtrɑːsəti/: n. 凶恶的/残暴的行为
belittle /bɪˈlɪtəl/: vt. 轻视;贬低 (slight)
faint-hearted /ˌfeɪntˈhɑːtɪd, ˌfeɪntˈhɑːrtɪd/: adj. 胆小的
immensely /ɪˈmensli/: adv. 非常;极其
readable /ˈriːdəbəl/: adj. 可读性强的
scholarship /ˈskɒləʃɪp, ˈskɑːlərʃɪp/: n. 学术研究;奖学金
be equally applauded and criticized: 毁誉参半
perspective /pəˈspektɪv, pərˈspektɪv/: n. 角度;观点
deliberately /dɪˈlɪbərətli/: adv. 审慎地;从容地
walk the reader through: 带领读者回顾
missionary /ˈmɪʃənri, ˈmɪʃəneri/: n. 传教士
be witness to /ˈwɪtnəs/: 见证
slaughter /ˈslɔːtər, ˈslɑːtər/: n. (尤指战争中的) 屠杀;杀戮
the Holocaust /ˈhɒləkɔːst, ˈhɑːləkɑːst/: 第二次世界大战前及期间纳粹分子对犹太人的大屠杀
squarely /ˈskweəli, ˈskwerli/: adv. 公正地;径直地
put the blame on: 归咎于
cover-up /ˈkʌvərʌp/: n. 掩盖;掩饰
▍责任编辑
李焕、武志琳、章晓丹