今天拆解去年11月（是的，已经是去年了……）CATTI二级笔译实务中关于环保那篇中译英下班部分。
这是原文：
第一，治污染，调结构，坚决打好污染防治攻坚战。5年来，我国向污染宣战，实施大气、水、土壤污染防治三大攻坚战。不断创新染防治方式，不断拓展防治领域，加大防治力度。2019年，全国重点城市 PM2.5和二氧化硫平均浓度分别比 2013 年下降43%和 73%，重污染天数下降 81%。蓝天越来越多，水质越来越好，生态环境越来越美。
第二，划红线，筑牢生态屏障，夯实高质量发展的绿色基础。近年来，各地纷纷发布生态环境管控方案。如今，25%的陆地国士面积已被划入生态保护红线，并建立了 1.18 万处自然保护地，占陆地国土面积的18%。
第一句
第二，治污染，调结构，坚决打好污染防治攻坚战。
治污染、污染防治说的是一件事情，只处理一次即可。
无主句，可以增补主语；“治污染”是“调结构”的目的：
Secondly, we have adjusted the industrial structure to win the fight against pollution.
也可以处理为被动，把“攻坚战”直译出来，此时“调结构”就变成了附属结构：
Secondly, a war has been declared against pollution, along with economic restructuring.
第二句
5年来，我国向污染宣战，实施大气、水、土壤污染防治三大攻坚战。
主语：我国
谓宾：宣战
“向....”则处理为状语：on pollution
具体是哪些方面的污染，再逐一处理出来：with a focus on...
写个参考译文：
Over the past five years, China has declared a war on pollution, with a focus on three key battlegrounds: the air, water, and soil.
第三句
不断创新染防治方式，不断拓展防治领域，加大防治力度。
无主句，增补主语The country/We/China
谓宾：创新 find new ways
创新的目的是：污染防治to tackle pollution
“拓展领域、加大力度”可以处理到状语部分。
译文
The country has been trying to find new ways to tackle pollution in wider areas, with intensified efforts.
In the last period, efforts have been stepped up in controlling and preventing air, water, soil pollution through innovative ways.
“大力做某事，加大做某事的力度”，这种表达我们之前在2021政府工作报告是怎么翻译出来的？（笔记持续更新中）有总结过很多：
channel great effort/energy into
着力改革商事制度We channeled great effort into the reform of the business system.
大力调整产业结构We channeled great energy into making adjustments in the structure of industry.
step up
加大结构调整力度，增强发展后劲。We stepped up structural adjustments to make China's development more sustainable.
推进党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争Efforts have been stepped up to improve Party conduct, build a clean government and fight corruption.
increase support to
加大强农富农政策力度We increased policy support to strengthen agriculture, benefit farmers, and raise rural living standards.
work to...
着力大通科技成果转化通道We worked to commercialize research and development deliverables.
intensify/redouble efforts to
深入推进医药卫生改革发展We intensified efforts to reform and develop medical and health care.
大力盘活存量资金redouble our efforts to put government funds on hand into use
devote serious energy to
力争全面完成“营改增”We will devote serious energy to completing work to replace business tax with VAT across the board
put great weight behind
大力发展风电put great weight behind the development of wind power
还有很多，大家平时自己可以积累一下。
第四句
2019年，全国重点城市 PM2.5和二氧化硫平均浓度分别比 2013 年下降43%和 73%，重污染天数下降 81%。
这句话说的是2019年与2013年的一些数据对比。
可以用比较状语+主干的形式；同时明确比较的是什么：平均浓度&天数；
其余的修饰成分再一一挂上去即可。
照着这个思路写个译文：
Compared to the figures in 2013, the average concentrations of PM2.5 and sulfur dioxides in major cities dropped by 43% and 73% in 2019, and the days of heavy air pollution fell by 81%.
或者把“与2013年相比”直接处理到介词短语中，即fell by...from those in 2013。
如果照着这个思路：
In 2019, the average PM2.5 and sulfur dioxide concentration in key cities fell by 43% and 73% from those in 2013, respectively. The number of heavily polluted days fell by 81% too.
第五句
蓝天越来越多，水质越来越好，生态环境越来越美。
这句话可以顺着来,直译：
A blue sky is being seen more often, with better water quality and a beautiful environment across China.
或者也可以用“我们”的视角去阐述，我们生活的环境变得变得越来越好，具体体现是“蓝天越来越多，水质越来越好”，用定语从句挂上去：
We now live in an improving environment where the quality of air and water is improved.
第六句
第三，划红线，筑牢生态屏障，夯实高质量发展的绿色基础。
这句话有两种逻辑划分方式。
第一种：划红线+筑牢屏障，目的是“夯实基础”：
Thirdly, we have drawn redlines and built a firm environmental shield to lay the foundation for high-quality green growth.
第二种：把“划红线”看做是一个system,这个system的目的是“筑牢屏障+夯实基础”：
Third, an ecological red line system has been introduced as an ecological barrier and the green foundation for quality development.
第七句
近年来，各地纷纷发布生态环境管控方案。
“近年来”可以想到开头的witness，或者换个词see:
[T] Be the time or setting of (something)是发生〔某事件〕的时间/背景（环境），比如：
Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou all saw plummeting property sales during the eight-day holiday.国庆8天假期期间，北京、上海和广州的楼市成交量均出现暴跌。
Growth of China's imports and exports is expected to see double-digit gains this year, thanks to rising demand as a result of improvement in the domestic and global economies, the General Administration of Customs (GAC) said. 海关总署近日表示，由于国内和全球经济得到改善拉高了需求，今年我国外贸进出口有望实现两位数增长。
“各地”处理为状语置后nationwide：
Recent years have seen more plans for environmental control nationwide.
想不到也没关系，用被动：
Ecological and environmental control programs have been issued around the country.
第八句
如今，25%的陆地国士面积已被划入生态保护红线，并建立了 1.18 万处自然保护地，占陆地国土面积的18%。
顺着处理。“被划入生态保护红线”其实就是被红线所覆盖：...protected within the red line boundary
“占....”：make up...
By far, 25 percent of China’s land has been protected within the red line boundary. A total of 11,800 nature reserves have been set up, which makes up 18 percent of China.
或者反过来，生态保护红线“罩住了”25%的陆地国土面积，此时18%就可以紧跟其后：
The redline boundary for ecological preservation now covers 25% of the land, and another 18% is taken up by 11,800 protected areas.
第八句
随着这些政策和措施的落实，经济社会发展和生态环境保护逐步走向双赢。
提取重点：“落实”、“走向双赢”,我们可以增补一个谓语动词，可以想到empower:
V-T To empower someone means to give them the means to achieve something, for example, to become stronger or more successful. 使能够
“走向双赢”可以简单理解为，同时推动2种事物的发展。
写个参考译文：
The implementation of policies and measures will empower both social-economic growth and ecological preservation.
另外，也可以套用Thanks to...的句式，正是由于这些政策和措施的落实，才能够达到...
此时“双赢”也换一个表达方式，也是“双赢”常见的处理方式：....goes hand in hand with...
遂有译文：
Thanks to these policies and measures, socio-economic development gradually goes hand in hand with ecological and environmental protection in China.
