Q:
1、每12小时备份并压缩/etc/目录至/backup目录中，保存文件名称格式为，"etc-年-月-日-时-分.tar.gz"
2、rpm包管理功能总结以及实例应用演示。
3、yum的配置和使用总结以及yum私有仓库的创建。
4、写一个脚本实现列出以下菜单给用户：
（1）disk：show disk info信息
（2）mem: show memory info信息
（3）cpu: show cpu info信息
（*）quit
5、sed用法总结并结合实例演示
6、 用bash实现统计访问日志文件中状态码大于等于400的IP数量并排序
7、 使用自制的yum源安装ftp、openssh、curl、wget、tcpdump等软件包
A:
1、每12小时备份并压缩/etc/目录至/backup目录中，保存文件名称格式为，"etc-年-月-日-时-分.tar.gz"
[root@localhost ~]# su - gentoo
Last login: Thu Feb 28 06:29:31 EST 2019 on pts/0
-bash-4.2$ pwd
/users/gentoo
-bash-4.2$ crontab -l
no crontab for gentoo
-bash-4.2$ crontab -e
no crontab for gentoo - using an empty one
crontab: installing new crontab
-bash-4.2$ crontab -l
0 */12 * * * tar -czf /backup/etc-`date +"%F-%H-%M-%S`.tar.gz /etc
-bash-4.2$ ls /var/spool/cron/
ls: cannot open directory /var/spool/cron/: Permission denied
-bash-4.2$ su -c "cat /var/spool/cron/gentoo"
Password:
0 */12 * * * tar -czf /backup/etc-`date +"%F-%H-%M-%S`.tar.gz /etc
2、rpm包管理功能总结以及实例应用演示
查询和验证 PACKAGES:
rpm {-q|--query} [select-options] [query-options]
rpm {-V|--verify} [select-options] [verify-options]
rpmkeys --import PUBKEY ...
rpmkeys {-K|--checksig} PACKAGE_FILE ...
[root@localhost ~]# rpm --import /root/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -K zsh-5.0.2-31.el7.x86_64.rpm
zsh-5.0.2-31.el7.x86_64.rpm: rsa sha1 (md5) pgp md5 OK
安装、升级和移除 PACKAGES:
rpm {-i|--install} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...
rpm {-U|--upgrade} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...
rpm {-F|--freshen} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE ...
rpm {-e|--erase} [--allmatches] [--justdb] [--nodeps] [--noscripts] [--notriggers] [--test] PACKAGE_NAME ...
[select-options]
[PACKAGE_NAME] [-a,--all] [-f,--file FILE]
[-g,--group GROUP] {-p,--package PACKAGE_FILE]
[--hdrid SHA1] [--pkgid MD5] [--tid TID]
[--querybynumber HDRNUM] [--triggeredby PACKAGE_NAME]
[--whatprovides CAPABILITY] [--whatrequires CAPABILITY]
- 查询
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qc bash
/etc/skel/.bash_logout
/etc/skel/.bash_profile
/etc/skel/.bashrc
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qi bash
Name : bash
Version : 4.2.46
Release : 31.el7
Architecture: x86_64
...
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -q --provides bash
/bin/bash
/bin/sh
bash = 4.2.46-31.el7
bash(x86-64) = 4.2.46-31.el7
config(bash) = 4.2.46-31.el7
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -q --whatprovides bash
bash-4.2.46-31.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -q --scripts bash
postinstall scriptlet (using <lua>):
...
postuninstall scriptlet (using <lua>):
-- Run it only if we are uninstalling
...
- 验证
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ql yum
...
/usr/share/doc/yum-3.4.3/README
...
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qd yum
/usr/share/doc/yum-3.4.3/AUTHORS
/usr/share/doc/yum-3.4.3/COPYING
/usr/share/doc/yum-3.4.3/ChangeLog
/usr/share/doc/yum-3.4.3/INSTALL
/usr/share/doc/yum-3.4.3/PLUGINS
/usr/share/doc/yum-3.4.3/README
/usr/share/doc/yum-3.4.3/TODO
/usr/share/doc/yum-3.4.3/comps.rng
/usr/share/man/man5/yum.conf.5
/usr/share/man/man8/yum-shell.8
/usr/share/man/man8/yum.8
[root@localhost ~]# file /usr/share/doc/yum-3.4.3/README
/usr/share/doc/yum-3.4.3/README: ASCII text
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/share/doc/yum-3.4.3/README
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -V yum
S.5....T. d /usr/share/doc/yum-3.4.3/README
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/share/doc/yum-3.4.3/README
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -V yum
.......T. d /usr/share/doc/yum-3.4.3/README
S file Size differs
M Mode differs (includes permissions and file type)
5 digest (formerly MD5 sum) differs
D Device major/minor number mismatch
L readLink(2) path mismatch
U User ownership differs
G Group ownership differs
T mTime differs
P caPabilities differ
从aliyun镜像站下载zsh
[root@localhost ~]# wget -P /root/ https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.6.1810/os/x86_64/Packages/zsh-5.0.2-31.el7.x86_64.rpm
--2019-02-28 09:04:42-- https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.6.1810/os/x86_64/Packages/zsh-5.0.2-31.el7.x86_64.rpm
Resolving mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)... 223.111.123.230, 112.47.40.226, 112.48.148.105, ...
Connecting to mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)|223.111.123.230|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 2496072 (2.4M) [application/x-redhat-package-manager]
Saving to: ‘/root/zsh-5.0.2-31.el7.x86_64.rpm’
100%[==============================================================================================>] 2,496,072 2.28MB/s in 1.0s
2019-02-28 09:04:45 (2.28 MB/s) - ‘/root/zsh-5.0.2-31.el7.x86_64.rpm’ saved [2496072/2496072]
[root@localhost ~]# wget -P /root/ https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.6.1810/os/x86_64/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
--2019-02-28 09:05:39-- https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.6.1810/os/x86_64/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
Resolving mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)... 223.111.123.230, 112.47.40.226, 112.48.148.105, ...
Connecting to mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)|223.111.123.230|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 1690 (1.7K) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘/root/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7’
100%[==============================================================================================>] 1,690 --.-K/s in 0s
2019-02-28 09:05:40 (24.1 MB/s) - ‘/root/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7’ saved [1690/1690]
[root@localhost ~]# ls /root
anaconda-ks.cfg myfirst.sh RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 zsh-5.0.2-31.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# ls /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/
RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Debug-7 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7
[root@localhost ~]# diff /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 /root/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
- 安装
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh zsh-5.0.2-31.el7.x86_64.rpm
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating \ installing...
1:zsh-5.0.2-31.el7 ################################# [100%]
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -iv --replacepkgs zsh-5.0.2-31.el7.x86_64.rpm
Preparing packages...
zsh-5.0.2-31.el7.x86_64
- 升级
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -Uvh zsh-5.0.2-31.el7.x86_64.rpm
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
package zsh-5.0.2-31.el7.x86_64 is already installed
- 删除
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e zsh
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -q zsh
package zsh is not installed
3、yum的配置和使用总结以及yum私有仓库的创建。
yum客户端：
配置文件：
/etc/yum.conf：为所有仓库提供公共配置
/etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo：为仓库的指向提供配置仓库指向的定义：
[repositoryID]
name=Some name for this repository
baseurl=url://path/to/repository/
enabled={1|0}
gpgcheck={1|0}
gpgkey=URL
enablegroups={1|0}
failovermethod={roundrobin|priority}
默认为：roundrobin，意为随机挑选；
cost=
默认为1000cat /etc/yum.conf
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/yum.conf
[main]
cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever
keepcache=0
debuglevel=2
logfile=/var/log/yum.log
exactarch=1
obsoletes=1
gpgcheck=1
plugins=1
installonly_limit=5
bugtracker_url=http://bugs.centos.org/set_project.php?project_id=23&ref=http://bugs.centos.org/bug_report_page.php?category=yum
distroverpkg=centos-release
- cat /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
# CentOS-Base.repo
...
#
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
- yum repolist
[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
* base: mirrors.zju.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.nju.edu.cn
* updates: centos.ustc.edu.cn
repo id repo name status
!base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base 10,019
!extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras 370
!updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates 1,098
repolist: 11,487
- 挂载cdrom
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /media/cdrom/
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@localhost ~]# ls /media/cdrom/
CentOS_BuildTag EULA images LiveOS repodata RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7
EFI GPL isolinux Packages RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 TRANS.TBL
- 配置yum源
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/my-centos7.repo
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/my-centos7.repo
[myyumrepo]
name=my-centos7-cdrom
baseurl=file:///media/cdrom
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.zju.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.nju.edu.cn
* updates: centos.ustc.edu.cn
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
myyumrepo | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
(1/4): myyumrepo/group_gz | 166 kB 00:00:00
(2/4): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 180 kB 00:00:00
(3/4): myyumrepo/primary_db | 3.1 MB 00:00:00
(4/4): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 2.4 MB 00:00:00
repo id repo name status
base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base 10,019
extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras 371
myyumrepo my-centos7-cdrom 4,021
updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates 1,103
repolist: 15,514
4、写一个脚本实现列出以下菜单给用户
[root@localhost ~]# bash /scripts/w5e4.sh
1) disk : show disk info
2) mem : show memory info
3) cpu : show cpu info
*) quit
input your choice :mem
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 982M 138M 684M 7.5M 159M 672M
Swap: 2.0G 0B 2.0G
[root@localhost ~]# cat /scripts/w5e4.sh
#!/bin/bash
cat << EOF
1) disk : show disk info
2) mem : show memory info
3) cpu : show cpu info
*) quit
EOF
read -p 'input your choice :' option
if [[ $option == 'disk' ]];then
fdisk -l
elif [[ $option == 'mem' ]];then
free -h
elif [[ $option == 'cpu' ]];then
lscpu
else
exit 0
fi
5、sed用法总结并结合实例演示
https://www.jianshu.com/p/95df639d7da9
6、用bash实现统计访问日志文件中状态码大于等于400的IP数量并排序
sed -n -r '/\<40[0-9]\>/p' /var/log/httpd/access_log|cut -d" " -f1 |sort|uniq -c
7、使用自制的yum源安装ftp、openssh、curl、wget、tcpdump等软件包
[root@localhost ~]# yum install ftp openssh curl wget tcpdump
