一、介绍
Requests是一个很实用的Python HTTP客户端库，编写爬虫和测试服务器响应数据时经常会用到，Requests是Python语言的第三方的库，专门用于发送HTTP请求
二、前提
pip install requests
三、get的请求
3.1 GET无参请求
r = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com')
3.2 GET传参
payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2', 'key3': None}
r = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com ', params=payload)
- 案例：测试聚合数据
- 代码
import requests
class UseRequestClass():
#get传参的第一种方式
def XWTTMethod(self):
r = requests.get("http://v.juhe.cn/toutiao/index?type=guonei&key=4b72107de3a197b3bafd9adacf685790")
print(r.text)
#get传参的第二种方式
def XWTTMethod(self):
params = {"type":"guonei","key":"4b72107de3a197b3bafd9adacf685790"}
r = requests.get("http://v.juhe.cn/toutiao/index",params=params)
print(r.text)
四、post请求
类似python中的表单提交
payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
r = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", data=payload)
- 案例：测试聚合数据
- 代码
import requests
class UseRequestClass():
def XWTTPostMethod(self):
params = {"type":"guonei","key":"4b72107de3a197b3bafd9adacf685790"}
r = requests.post("http://v.juhe.cn/toutiao/index",params=params)
#print(r.status_code)
return r.status_code
五、Requests响应
r.status_code 响应状态码
r.heards 响应头
r.cookies 响应cookies
r.text 响应文本
r. encoding 当前编码
r. content 以字节形式（二进制）返回
最常用的是根据响应状态码判断接口是否连通，经常用于做接口中断言判断
六、Request扩充
1.添加等待时间
requests.get(url,timeout=1) #超过等待时间则报错
2.添加请求头信息
requests.get(url,headers=headers) #设置请求头
3.添加文件
requests.post(url, files=files) #添加文件
文件传输
url = 'http://httpbin.org/post'
files = {'file': open('report.xls', 'rb')}
r = requests.post(url, files=files)
七、requests+pytest+allure
7.1 流程如下
读取文件中的数据
requests拿到数据请求接口返回状态码
通过断言验证返回状态码和200对比
生成allure的测试报告
7.2 模块总览
dataDemo(存放数据)>> readDemo(读取数据)
useRequests(发送请求)>>testDemo(生成报告)
image
7.3 读取csv文件流程
7.3.1 存储数据(csv)
通过excel另存为csv即可。
image
7.3.2 读取数据(readDemo)
image
代码展示
import csv
class ReadCsv():
def readCsv(self):
item = []
rr = csv.reader(open("../dataDemo/123.csv"))
for csv_i in rr:
item.append(csv_i)
item =item [1:]
return item
7.3.3 request请求接口返回状态码
image
代码展示
import requests
from readDataDemo.readcsv import ReadCsv
r = ReadCsv()
ee = r.readCsv()
# print(ee)
class RequestCsv():
def requestsCsv(self):
item = []
for csv_i in ee:
if csv_i[2] =="get":
rr = requests.get(csv_i[0],params=csv_i[1])
item.append(rr.status_code)
else:
rr = requests.post(csv_i[0],data=csv_i[1])
item.append(rr.status_code)
return item
7.3.4 pytest断言设置并结合allure生成测试报告
image
- 代码展示
import pytest,os,allure
from userequests.userequestsDemo.requestscsv import RequestCsv
r = RequestCsv()
ee = r.requestsCsv()
print(ee)
class TestClass02():
def test001(self):
for code in ee:
assert code == 200
if __name__ == '__main__':
pytest.main(['--alluredir', 'report/result', 'test_02csv.py'])
split = 'allure ' + 'generate ' + './report/result ' + '-o ' + './report/html ' + '--clean'
os.system(split)
7.3.5 测试报告展示
image
7.4 读取excle文件流程
7.4.1 存储数据(xlsx)
image
7.4.2 读取数据(readDemo)
安装openpyxl：pip install openpyxl
from openpyxl import load_workbook
class Readxcel():
def getTestExcel(self):
# 打开表
workbook = load_workbook("G:\python\pythonProject\pytest05a\\requestdemo\\a.xlsx")
# 定位表单
sheet = workbook['Sheet1']
print(sheet.max_row) # 3 行
print(sheet.max_column) # 3 列
test_data = [] # 把所有行的数据放到列表中
for i in range(2, sheet.max_row + 1):
sub_data = {} # 把每行的数据放到字典中
for j in range(1, sheet.max_column + 1):
sub_data[sheet.cell(1, j).value] = sheet.cell(i, j).value
test_data.append(sub_data) # 拼接每行单元格的数据
return test_data
t = Readxcel()
f = t.getTestExcel()
print(f)
7.4.3 request请求接口返回状态码
import requests
from requestdemo.readexcel import Readxcel
class GetStatusCode():
def getStatusCode(self):
t = Readxcel()
f = t.getTestExcel()
item = []
for excel_i in f:
if excel_i["method"] == "get":
rr = requests.get(excel_i["url"], params=excel_i["params"])
item.append(rr.status_code)
else:
rr = requests.post(excel_i["url"], data=excel_i["params"])
item.append(rr.status_code)
return item
print(GetStatusCode().getStatusCode())
7.4.4 pytest断言设置并结合allure生成测试报告
import allure, pytest, os
from requestdemo.getStatusCode import GetStatusCode
get = GetStatusCode()
statusCodes = get.getStatusCode()
class TestReadExcel():
def testReadExcel(self):
for code in statusCodes:
assert code == 200
if __name__ == "__main__":
# 生成测试报告json
pytest.main(["-s", "-q", '--alluredir', 'report/result', 'testreadexcel.py'])
# 将测试报告转为html格式
split = 'allure ' + 'generate ' + './report/result ' + '-o ' + './report/html ' + '--clean'
os.system(split)
7.4.5：测试报告展示
image
