上句见：Day391
The Story of Philosophy《哲学的故事》第1章Plato第7节VI. The Psychological Solution第11段第2句：

Those who pass this first test will receive ten more years of education and training, in body and mind and character. And then they will face a second test, far severer than the first. Those who fail will become the auxiliaries, or executive aides and military officers of the state. Now it is just in these great eliminations that we shall need every resource of persuasion to get the eliminated to accept their fate with urbanity and peace. For what is to prevent that great unselected majority, in the first test, and that lesser but more vigorous and capable second group of Eliminees, from shouldering arms and smashing this Utopia of ours into a mouldering reminiscence? What is to prevent them from establishing there and then a world in which again mere number or mere force will rule, and the sickly comedy of a sham democracy will reënact itself da capo ad nauseam? Then religion and faith will be our only salvation: we shall tell these young people that the divisions into which they have fallen are God-decreed and irrevocable — not all their tears shall wipe out one word of it. We shall tell them the myth of the metals:
"Citizens, you are bothers, yet God has framed you differently. Some of you have the power of command; and these he has made of gold, wherefore they have the greatest honor; other of silver, to be auxiliaries; others again, who are to be husbandmen and craftsmen, he has made of brass and iron; and the species will generally be preserved in the children. But as you are of the same original family, a golden parent will sometimes have a silver son, or a silver parent a golden son. Are God proclaims … that if the son of a golden or a silver parent has an admixture of brass or iron, then nature requires a transposition of ranks; and the eye of the ruler must not be pitiful towards his child because he has to descend in the scale to become a husbandman or an artisan, just as there may be other sprung from the artisan class who are raised to honor, and become guardians and auxiliaries. For an oracle says that when a man of brass or iron guards the state, it will be destroyed"(415).
Perhaps with this "royal fable" we shall secure a fairly general consent to the furtherance of our plan.
浙江大学译本：然后，他们将面对远比初试严格得多的第二轮考试。

解析

1、And then they will face a second test, far severer than the first.
接着，他们就面对第二次考试，无比第一次考试苛刻。

学然后考，都是为了选拔。这次来得更为猛烈，前面的“Great Elimination”只是开头，更严格更残酷的淘汰还在后头呢。第二次考将是怎么样的考呢？哪里体现“far severer”？败者将成为扮演什么角色？胜者要继续学习吗？这些问题下文应该通通有解释。