1. lisencing
2. joint venture
3. solo venture
Collaboration
advantage: enable firms to achieve more, at a faster rate, and at less cost and risk.
•Obtaining needed skills or resources more quickly
•Reducing asset commitment and increase flexibility
•Learning from partner
•Sharing costs and risks
•Can build cooperation around a common standard
disadvantege: entails sharing control and rewards, and may risk partner malfeasance.
influencing factors:
•Availability of capabilities(does firm have needed capabilities in house? Does a potential partner?)
•Protecting proprietary technologies(how important is it to keep exclusive control of the technology?)
•Controlling technology development and use(how important is it for firm to direct development process and applications?)
•Building and renewing capabilities(is the project key to renewing or developing the firm’s capabilities?)
Types of Collaborative Arrangements
•Strategic Alliances: formal or informal agreements between two or more organizations (or other entities) to cooperate in some way.
•Joint Ventures: A particular type of strategic alliance that entails significant equity investment and often establishes a new separate legal entity.
•Licensing: a contractual arrangement that gives an organization (or individual) the rights to use another’s intellectual property, typically in exchange for royalties.
•Outsourcing: When an organization (or individual) procures services or products from another rather than producing them in-house.
•Collective Research Organizations: Organizations formed to facilitate collaboration among a group of firms.
Partner Selection
Resource fit
Strategic fit
Impact on Opportunities and Threats
Impact on Internal Strengths and Weaknesses
Impact on Strategic Direction
