Are attention spans getting shorter?
我们的注意力集中时间是否越来越短?
Does it ever seem like something is going on with our attention spans? The world's #1 most downloaded app is TikTok, an infinite stream of very short video clips.
你是否觉得,集中注意力有时会变得很困难?全世界下载量最高的应用程序是 TikTok,在这个应用上,用户可以源源不断地刷着非常短的视频流。
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Gloria Mark, an attention researcher at the University of California, Irvine, says there is scientific evidence attention spans are getting shorter.
加州大学尔湾分校研究注意力问题的研究员格洛丽亚·马克表示,有科学证据表明,人们的注意力集中时间正在缩短。
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"We started studying attention span length over 20 years ago," Mark said. "In 2003, we found that attention spans averaged about two-and-a-half minutes on any screen before people switched. In the last five, six years, they're averaging 47 seconds on a screen."
马克说:“我们在 20 多年前就开始研究注意力集中时间。2003 年,我们发现,在人们转换注意力之前,在屏幕上的注意力持续时间平均约为两分半钟。在过去的五六年里,在一个屏幕上专注的平均时间只有 47 秒。”
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Mark maintains that a shorter attention span has three downsides: "The first is that people make more errors when they do attention shifting; second downside is that it takes longer to do something, cause we have to reorient to every new task every time we shift; the third downside — maybe this is the worst of all — is that stress increases. When people are working on multiple tasks and they have to shift their attention, their blood pressure rises."
马克坚称,注意力持续时间缩短有三个缺点:“第一,人们在转移注意力时会犯更多错误;第二,做一件事需要更长时间,因为每次转移注意力时,人们都不得不重新适应每一项新任务;第三个缺点(也许是最糟糕的一点)是压力的增加,当人们处理多项任务时,他们不得不转移注意力,使得血压上升。”
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You don't have to be a professor to guess at the cause of our greater distractability: It's technology, of course… phones, social media, texting.
就算你不是一个教授,也可以猜到我们更容易分心的原因:当然是科技(包括手机、社交媒体、短信等等)。
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So, she offered a couple of tips for staying focused:
因此,她提供了一些保持专注的建议:
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First, when you feel the itch to change tasks, analyze why. If it's just boredom or procrastination, make a deal with yourself to work another 20 minutes, and then treat yourself to a reward.
首先,当你想要切换任务时,分析背后的原因。如果只是无聊或者拖延,和自己约定再工作 20 分钟,然后奖励自己。
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Second, picture yourself at the end of the day. What do you want to have accomplished? What do you want to feel? "A concrete visualization of yourself sitting on the couch, you know, watching your favorite show is really good motivation," she said.
第二,设想一下自己在一天结束时的状态。你想完成什么?你想有什么样的感受?她说:“想象着自己坐在沙发上、观看最喜欢的电视节目的情景吧!这种具像化的想象会激发我们的积极性。”
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主编:桃子、Summer
品控:蘑菇
审核:Summer
重点词汇
attention span
注意力集中时间
相关词汇:span(n. 持续时间)
搭配短语:the life span of whales(鲸鱼的寿命)
英文释义:the length of time that you can keep your thoughts and interest fixed on something
例句:Young children have quite short attention spans.
a stream of sth.
一连串,接二连三,源源不断(的事情)
相关词汇:stream(n. 小河,小溪;水流,人流)
搭配短语:a mountain stream(山间的小溪)
搭配短语:a constant stream of enquiries(接连不断的询问)
搭配短语:a constant stream of visitors(川流不息的游客)
video clip
/ˈvɪd.i.oʊ ˌklɪp/
n. 一小段录像
average
/ˈæv.ɚ.ɪdʒ/
v. 平均数是,平均为
词性拓展:average(n. 平均数)
搭配短语:on average(平均来说;基本上,大体上)
例句:American shares rose, on average, by 38%.(美国股票价格平均上涨了38%。)
例句:On average, men still earn more than women.(整体来看,男性仍比女性挣得多。)
例句:I average seven hours' work a day.
switch
/swɪtʃ/
v. 转移(注意力);(用开关)打开,关闭;改变,转变
搭配短语:switch on(打开开关)
搭配短语:switch off(关闭开关)
搭配短语:to switch from coal to cleaner fuels(从燃烧煤炭转为使用更加清洁的能源)
例句:My mother's interest had switched to my health.
maintain
/meɪnˈteɪn/
v. 坚称,断言;维持,保持;维修;保养(某样东西)
搭配短语:to maintain good relations(保持友好关系)
搭配短语:to maintain a road(养护道路)
例句:She has always maintained her innocence.(她一直坚持说自己是无辜的。)
downside
/ˈdaʊn.saɪd/
n. 不利的一面,不利因素;向下的一面
反义词:upside(n. 向上的一面;优点)
例句:The downside of living here is that it is expensive.
shift
/ʃɪft/
v. 改变(主意,立场等)
例句:Media attention has shifted recently onto environmental issues.
reorient
/ri:'ɔ:rient/
v. 再调整,重新定位
相关词汇:orient(n. 东方,亚洲;v. 确定方位,辨认方向;调整)
相关词汇:the Orient(东方世界)
相关词汇:the West(西方世界)
搭配短语:the Orient Express(东方快车)
文化补充:Murder on the Orient Express(阿加莎的侦探小说《东方快车谋杀案》)
搭配短语:to orient oneself to new surroundings(使自己适应新环境)
词根词缀:re-(表示“再,又”)
同义词:re-orientate(英式英语中的写法)
例句:She had to reorient her career towards marketing.
distractability
/dɪstræktə'bɪlɪtɪ/
n. 分心能力
同义词:distractibility
相关词汇:distract(v. 使分心)
词根词缀:-ibility,-ability(表示“能力,可能性”)
英文释义:inability to sustain one's attention or attentiveness, which is rapidly diverted from one topic to another
itch
/ɪtʃ/
n. 渴望,热望;痒
搭配短语:to relieve an itch(止痒)
搭配短语:the creative itch(创作欲)
procrastination
/prəu,kræsti'neiʃən/
n. 拖延
treat sb. to sth.
款待(某人)
例句:I treated myself to a new dress.
picture
/ˈpɪk.tʃɚ/
v. 想象,设想
词性拓展:picture(n. 图片)
例句:Try to picture yourself lying on a beach in the hot sun.
concrete
/ˈkɑːn.kriːt/
adj. 具体的,有形的
词性拓展:concrete(n. 混凝土)
搭配短语:concrete evidence(确凿的证据)
搭配短语:concrete proof(确实的证明)
motivation
/ˌmoʊ.tɪˈveɪ.ʃən/
n. 积极性,干劲