TikTok and toxic memes
抖音及其有害的迷因
American children aged between four and 15 spent an average of 17 minutes per day on Facebook in 2020, down from 18 minutes in 2019. Screen time on TikTok, meanwhile, surged, from 44 average daily minutes to 87.
2020 年，年龄 4 到 15 岁的美国儿童平均每天在 Facebook 上花费 17 分钟的时间，比起 2019 年的 18 分钟有所减少。而与此同时，美国儿童在 TikTok 上的屏幕时间却急剧上升，从平均每天 44 分钟增加到了 87 分钟。
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These numbers are a consequence of lockdowns, but are also a testament to TikTok's engrossing "For You" page (FYP), which is powered by an algorithm that serves users an endless stream of videos they might be interested in.
这些数字是疫情隔离的一个结果，但同时也证明了 TikTok 上“为您推荐”页面（FYP）的吸引力。“为您推荐”页面由算法驱动，无止境地提供用户可能感兴趣的视频流。
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TikTok has proposed the creation of a "global coalition" of social platforms to protect users better from harmful content. It claims that less than 1% of videos uploaded in the first quarter of 2021 violated its terms of service — and those that did were removed within 24 hours. All this, in theory, ought to mean TikTok is healthier than other social media apps.
TikTok 提出建立一个社交平台的“全球联盟”，以更好地保护用户不受有害内容的影响。该公司声称，2021 年第一季度上传到平台的视频中，有不到 1% 违反了其服务条款——而这些视频均在 24 小时内被删除。理论上说，这一切应该意味着 TikTok 比其他社交媒体应用都要健康。
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The reality is different. Reports have found that videos peddling harmful covid-19 vaccine misinformation and white-supremacist content accumulated millions of views before they were taken down by the company.*** Some of these exploited TikTok's features, such as trending songs, to extend their reach.
现实却非如此。研究报告发现，散播关于新冠疫苗的有害假消息和白人至上主义的内容的视频，在被该公司下线前已经积累了百万次的浏览量。一些这类视频利用了 TikTok 的特色功能，如热门歌曲，来扩大其影响范围。
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The app has not yet effectively addressed problems that hide in plain sight. If an under-age user wants to create an account, no community guidelines can stop them from lying about their age. And the features that make TikTok so successful also make it risky: the more a user engages with certain tags, the more the FYP will serve similar content.
TikTok 尚未有效解决那些藏在眼皮底下的问题。如果一个未成年用户想要创建账户，任何社区准则都无法阻止他/她谎报年龄。而让 TikTok 如此成功的特色功能同时也让其身处危机：用户越是着迷于某些话题标签，“为您推荐”页面越是会推送类似的内容。
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主编：迎迎、阿翀
品控：Pita、迎迎
审核：噔噔
Photo Credit:
AFP / Kirill Kudryavtsev
AFP / Loic Venance
AFP / Manjunath Kiran
重点词汇
toxic
/ˈtɑːk.sɪk/
adj. 有毒的；有害的
搭配短语：toxic waste（有毒废料）
英文释义：very bad, unpleasant, or harmful
例句：The experience of loneliness could be toxic.（孤独寂寞可能有害健康。）
surge
/sɝːdʒ/
v. 激增，飞涨
例句：Share prices surged.（股价暴涨。）
词义辨析
surge，increase
二者都有“增加”的含义，区别在于，surge 的程度更大，强调大幅度、剧烈地增加。
lockdown
/ˈlɑːk.daʊn/
n. 隔离
相关词汇：lock down（囚禁）
搭配短语：lock sb. down
例句：The city is on lockdown.
testament
/ˈtes.tə.mənt/
n. 证明
搭配短语：a tastament to sth.
近义词：proof（n. 证明）
例句：The aircraft's safety record is a testament to its designers' skill.
engrossing
/ɪnˈɡroʊ.sɪŋ/
adj. 非常有趣的
相关词汇：engross（v. 使专注）
例句：The book totally engrossed him.
英文释义：very interesting and needing all your attention
power
/ˈpaʊ.ɚ/
v. 提供动力
例句：The car is powered by electricity.
serve
/sɝːv/
v. 送上（食物）；提供（服务）
搭配短语：serve sb. (with) sth.
例句：The waiter served them (with) tea and cake.
coalition
/koʊ.əˈlɪʃ.ən/
n. 联盟
搭配短语：a coalition government
词根词缀：co-（联合）
相关词汇：coauthor（n. 联合作者）
violate
/ˈvaɪ.ə.leɪt/
v. 违反；侵犯
英文释义：If someone violates an agreement, law, or promise, they break it.
搭配短语：to violate international law
例句：The media regularly violates people's privacy.
in theory
理论上
相关词汇：in practice
例句：In theory, things can only get better; in practice, they may well become a lot worse.
peddle
/ˈped.əl/
v. 兜售；售卖；散布（不良信息）
例句：He is peddling T-shirts on the beach.（他正在沙滩上兜售T恤。）
相关词汇：to peddle drugs（贩毒）
例句：Politicians are peddling instant solutions to long-standing problems.（政客们在宣扬用速成方法解决长期问题。）
misinformation
/ˌmɪs.ɪn.fɚˈmeɪ.ʃən/
n. 错误信息
相关词汇：information（n. 信息）
词根词缀：mis-（错误的）
exploit
/ɪkˈsplɔɪt/
v. 充分利用；剥削
英文释义：to use something fully and effectively
搭配短语：to exploit new opportunities（好好利用新机遇）
例句：The company was exploiting a legal loophole.（这家公司在钻法律的空子。）
例句：Homeworkers can easily be exploited by employers.（在家工作的人容易被雇主剥削。）
under-age
/ˌʌn.dɚˈeɪdʒ/
adj. 未成年的，未到法定年龄的
例句：under-age drinking
其他拼写：underage；under age
相关表达：come of age（成年）
例句：Wizards come of age at seventeen.
engage with
努力理解、解决
英文释义：to make an effort to understand and deal with someone or something
例句：Some leaders fail to engage with the problems of the staff.（有的领导不关注员工的问题。）
相关词汇：engage（v. 吸引）
搭配短语：to engage the attention of others
相关词汇：engage in（参加）
搭配短语：to engage in regular exercise
加
