1 简单使用 NSOperationQueue
上一篇文章中看到使用自定义NSOperation
来实现多线程,写法有些复杂,但其实,使用NSOperationQueue
来实现多线程非常简单
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
// 创建3个 NSInvocationOperation 操作
NSOperationQueue *opQueue = [NSOperationQueue new];
for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
// 可以传递一个 NSObject 给operation的操作方法
NSDictionary *dict = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"Operation_%lu", i] forKey:@"key"];
NSInvocationOperation *op = [[NSInvocationOperation alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(operationSelector:) object:dict];
[opQueue addOperation:op];
}
}
// NSInvocationOperation 操作执行的方法
- (void)operationSelector:(NSDictionary *)dict
{
// 接收传进来的dict
NSLog(@"dictValue = %@", [dict valueForKey:@"key"]);
sleep(10); // 加个睡眠模仿耗时操作
NSLog(@"currentThread = %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
NSLog(@"mainThread = %@", [NSThread mainThread]);
}
控制台输出结果为:
2016-02-25 16:58:18.282 test[57194:18487531] dictValue = Operation_0
2016-02-25 16:58:18.282 test[57194:18487530] dictValue = Operation_1
2016-02-25 16:58:18.282 test[57194:18487533] dictValue = Operation_2
2016-02-25 16:58:28.283 test[57194:18487530] currentThread = <NSThread: 0x7fbf40435bb0>{number = 2, name = (null)}
2016-02-25 16:58:28.284 test[57194:18487531] currentThread = <NSThread: 0x7fbf4050f2a0>{number = 3, name = (null)}
2016-02-25 16:58:28.284 test[57194:18487533] currentThread = <NSThread: 0x7fbf4290f560>{number = 4, name = (null)}
2016-02-25 16:58:28.284 test[57194:18487530] mainThread = <NSThread: 0x7fbf405058c0>{number = 1, name = (null)}
2016-02-25 16:58:28.284 test[57194:18487531] mainThread = <NSThread: 0x7fbf405058c0>{number = 1, name = (null)}
2016-02-25 16:58:28.284 test[57194:18487533] mainThread = <NSThread: 0x7fbf405058c0>{number = 1, name = (null)}
可以看出来这三个操作是并发执行的,而且都不在主线程中执行。
2 NSOperationQueue 的其他属性
添加操作有3个方法:
// 直接添加一个 NSOperation 操作,并且加入并发队列,只要当前队列允许,就会立刻执行。
- (void)addOperation:(NSOperation *)op;
// 添加一组操作,如果 waitUntilFinished 为 NO,则必须在当前队列中的所有操作都执行完了,才会执行这组操作,否则立刻执行。
- (void)addOperations:(NSArray<NSOperation *> *)ops waitUntilFinished:(BOOL)wait NS_AVAILABLE(10_6, 4_0);
// 直接在这里写一个block,block中的操作加入并发队列,并且只要当前队列允许执行,就会立刻执行。
- (void)addOperationWithBlock:(void (^)(void))block NS_AVAILABLE(10_6, 4_0);
接下来看其他的属性
// 返回当前队列中的所有操作NSOperation
@property (readonly, copy) NSArray<__kindof NSOperation *> *operations;
// 返回当前队列中的操作数量,对应 operations.count
@property (readonly) NSUInteger operationCount NS_AVAILABLE(10_6, 4_0);
// 可读写的属性,当设备性能不足或根据需求要限制并行的操作数量时,可以设置这个值。
// 设置了这个值之后,队列中并发执行的操作数量不会大于这个值。超出这个值在排队中的操作会处于休眠状态。
// 默认值为 NSOperationQueueDefaultMaxConcurrentOperationCount = -1
@property NSInteger maxConcurrentOperationCount;
// 可以给队列指定一个名字用来做标识
@property (nullable, copy) NSString *name NS_AVAILABLE(10_6, 4_0);
// 给队列指定一个优先级,默认为 NSQualityOfServiceDefault = -1
@property NSQualityOfService qualityOfService NS_AVAILABLE(10_10, 8_0);
// ??? 这个不是太理解
@property (nullable, assign /* actually retain */) dispatch_queue_t underlyingQueue NS_AVAILABLE(10_10, 8_0);
// 取消队列中的所有操作。其实就是调用 operations 中每个操作的`cancel`方法才取消操作。
// 但是,在前面的文章中说过,调用`cancel`方法并不会终止操作,而是设置`cancelled`属性为 YES,
// 这就需要自己在操作中分节点去判断`cancelled`属性了,在适当的时机结束操作。
- (void)cancelAllOperations;
// 调用这个方法时,会判断 NSOperationQueue 中的操作是否全部执行完,如果没有,则调用者所在的线程会在调用处等待。
// 直到 NSOperationQueue 中的所有操作执行完成,当前线程才继续执行。如果 NSOperationQueue 为空,则该方法立刻返回。
- (void)waitUntilAllOperationsAreFinished;
// 取得调用者的当前线程中的 NSOperationQueue 操作队列
+ (nullable NSOperationQueue *)currentQueue NS_AVAILABLE(10_6, 4_0);
// 取得主线程中的
+ (NSOperationQueue *)mainQueue NS_AVAILABLE(10_6, 4_0);
@property (getter=isSuspended) BOOL suspended;
这个值很有意思,从字面意思理解是暂停队列,但是怎么个暂停呢?从官方文档上看
**Discussion**
When the value of this property is NO, the queue actively starts operations that are in the queue and ready to execute. Setting this property to YES prevents the queue from starting any queued operations, but already executing operations continue to execute. You may continue to add operations to a queue that is suspended but those operations are not scheduled for execution until you change this property to NO.
Operations are removed from the queue only when they finish executing. However, in order to finish executing, an operation must first be started. Because a suspended queue does not start any new operations, it does not remove any operations (including cancelled operations) that are currently queued and not executing.
You may monitor changes to the value of this property using key-value observing. Configure an observer to monitor the suspended key path of the operation queue.
The default value of this property is NO.
大概翻译一下,如果这个值设置为 NO,那说明这个队列已经准备好了可以执行了。如果这个值设置为 YES,那么已经添加到队列中的操作还是可以执行了,而后面继续添加进队列中的操作才处于暂停
状态,直到你再次将这个值设置为 NO 时,后面加入的操作才会继续执行。这个属性的默认值是 NO。
来看一下使用的方法例子:
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
// 创建3个 NSInvocationOperation 操作
_opQueue = [NSOperationQueue new];
for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
// 可以传递一个 NSObject 给operation的操作方法
NSDictionary *dict = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"Operation_%lu", i] forKey:@"key"];
NSInvocationOperation *op = [[NSInvocationOperation alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(operationSelector:) object:dict];
[_opQueue addOperation:op];
}
// 这里设置为 YES
_opQueue.suspended = YES;
// 然后再添加一个操作,序号为 9
NSDictionary *dict = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"Operation_%d", 9] forKey:@"key"];
NSInvocationOperation *op = [[NSInvocationOperation alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(operationSelector:) object:dict];
[_opQueue addOperation:op];
}
// NSInvocationOperation 操作执行的方法
- (void)operationSelector:(NSDictionary *)dict
{
// 接收传进来的dict
NSLog(@"dictValue = %@", [dict valueForKey:@"key"]);
sleep(10); // 加个睡眠模仿耗时操作
NSLog(@"currentThread = %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
NSLog(@"mainThread = %@", [NSThread mainThread]);
// 执行完其中一个操作之后把 suspended 改为 NO。
_opQueue.suspended = NO;
}
2016-02-25 17:22:07.546 test[57547:18605364] dictValue = Operation_2
2016-02-25 17:22:07.546 test[57547:18605360] dictValue = Operation_0
2016-02-25 17:22:07.546 test[57547:18605361] dictValue = Operation_1
2016-02-25 17:22:10.547 test[57547:18605361] currentThread = <NSThread: 0x7ff598d07b00>{number = 3, name = (null)}
2016-02-25 17:22:10.547 test[57547:18605364] currentThread = <NSThread: 0x7ff59a9784f0>{number = 2, name = (null)}
2016-02-25 17:22:10.547 test[57547:18605360] currentThread = <NSThread: 0x7ff59aa05100>{number = 4, name = (null)}
2016-02-25 17:22:10.547 test[57547:18605364] mainThread = <NSThread: 0x7ff598c08770>{number = 1, name = (null)}
2016-02-25 17:22:10.547 test[57547:18605360] mainThread = <NSThread: 0x7ff598c08770>{number = 1, name = (null)}
2016-02-25 17:22:10.547 test[57547:18605361] mainThread = <NSThread: 0x7ff598c08770>{number = 1, name = (null)}
2016-02-25 17:22:10.547 test[57547:18605513] dictValue = Operation_9
2016-02-25 17:22:13.620 test[57547:18605513] currentThread = <NSThread: 0x7ff598c08ce0>{number = 5, name = (null)}
2016-02-25 17:22:13.620 test[57547:18605513] mainThread = <NSThread: 0x7ff598c08770>{number = 1, name = (null)}
可以看出来,操作9是在suspended
改为 NO 之后才开始执行的。
最后:以上很多属性都支持 KVO ,可以通过监听某个值的变化来做不同的操作,这里就不赘述了。
3 总结
NSOperationQueue为我们提供了非常简便的使用多线程的方法,如果需要使用NSOperation
,则更多建议使用NSOperationQueue
而不是自定义NSOperation
。