上次故事讲到动词为了扮演句子其他角色,给自己进行整容,变成了动名词(ing),分词(ing. done)和不定式(to do)三种形式。至于动词为什么要把自己变成这三种样子,Amanda暂时还没有顿悟出来,可能有原因,但是语言的很多用法也都是习惯或者约定俗成的。Amanda目前的认为:
ing--------来源于谓语bedoing (进行时态的主动结构)------表示主动,进行含义。
done------来源于谓语be done (被动语态)------表示被动完成含义。
to do----不定式,暂时没找到依据,但我把“不定”理解为“不固定,不限定”,可能就是说to do这个非谓语动词扮演的角色很不固定。------表示将来含义。
从形式上来看,非谓语动词包括ing, done, to do三种形式,但是从标准来说,非谓语动词指的是动名词,分词和不定式。具体内容和假装身份如下图所示:
因为假装身份不一样,所以这三个形式所扮演的角色当然不一样,如下图所示:
通过观察会发现,动名词扮演名词能充当的角色,分词扮演形容词,副词能担当的角色,不定式最腻害了,奔波于多个片场,穿梭于多个角色。看例句:
1. When to leave has not been decided. (主)
2. Don’t forget to lock the door when you leave.(宾)
3. He advised me to read more books.(宾补)
4. His job is to paint the walls.(表)
5. I have a lot of work to do.(定)
6. Mary works hard to make progress.(状)
7. Playing with fire is dangerous.(主)
8. He considered moving to another city.(宾)
9. His job is painting the walls.(表)
10. There is a sleeping bag on the floor.(定)
11. I found a girl singing outside.(宾补)
12. The music they listened to sounds exciting.(表)
13. The beautiful village remains unknown to the rest of the world. (表)
14. The girl left by his parents felt heart-broken.(定)
15. Invited by John, Lily attended the party.(状)
这一期就到这里,大家先从整体来了解一些非谓语动词,至于这三种形式的在变形和具体使用,下一期再进行详细讲解。Amanda一直建议语法要从宏观角度提纲挈领地先构建框架,然后在关注细节。