英语中有句谚语,叫作“Eat to live, not live to eat”。在汉语中,一般把它直译为“吃饭是为了活着,但活着不是为了吃饭”。如果用英文解释,则是“eating should not be your favorite activity, but something you do to maintain your health”。
实际生活中,我们也经常用会听到这句谚语。例如,"Eat to live, not live to eat," was the doctor's advice to Tom, who was dangerously overweight.
“live”作动词时,表示“生活”。生活对每个人都很重要,而“live”这个词在很多英语习惯用语中也发挥着重要的作用。
我们来看一个句子:
But if it is to live up to its promise, countries will have to make full use of the mechanisms for ratcheting up emissions cuts and accelerating adaptation for decades to come.
这句话来着杂志《经济学人》,意思大概是“但是,如果要达到这一承诺,国家必须充分利用调高排放和加速适应未来变化的机制”。
句中的“live up to”,似乎让人有种“为了达到某个目标而努力活着”的感觉。是的,“live up to”的意思就是“达到;不辜负;无愧于”,即“to fulfill expectations; to satisfy a goal or set of goals”。
其实,“自己努力活着”还不是生活的最高境界。生活的最高境界,在于尽量不打扰别人的生活。
英语中,有一个类似的说法:live and let live,意思是“not to interfere with other people's business or preferences”,“自己活也让别人活”,换句话说,就是“互不干扰”或“少管闲事”。
例如,I don't care what they do. Live and let live, I always say.
的确,有些人喜欢一个人生活,而有些人如果一个人生活,就有可能live hand to mouth。
“live hand to mouth”是什么意思呢?实际上,大家可以想想不到一岁的小孩经常吃手的情景。婴儿几乎一无所有,而父母也不可能满足他们毫无节制的食欲。因此,在他们想吃东西时的时候,有时只能吃自己的手了。
因此,“live hand to mouth”就引申为“过着勉强糊口的生活”或“生活捉襟见肘”。如果用英文解释,就是“to be extremely poor, having only enough money to provide food and shelter each month”。
例如,I had to live hand to mouth during most of college, since I could only get part-time jobs that paid minimum wage.