参考地址（this相关问题）

http://www.liaoxuefeng.com/wiki/001434446689867b27157e896e74d51a89c25cc8b43bdb3000/0014345005399057070809cfaa347dfb7207900cfd116fb000

对象的定义

var xiaoming = {
    name: '小明',
    birth: 1990
};

var xiaoming = {
    name: '小明',
    birth: 1990,
    age: function () {
        var y = new Date().getFullYear();
        return y - this.birth;
    }
};

xiaoming.age; // function xiaoming.age()
xiaoming.age(); // 今年调用是25,明年调用就变成26了

function getAge() {
    var y = new Date().getFullYear();
    return y - this.birth;
}

var xiaoming = {
    name: '小明',
    birth: 1990,
    age: getAge
};

xiaoming.age(); // 25, 正常结果
getAge(); // NaN this指向全局对象，也就是window

要保证this指向正确，必须用obj.xxx()的形式调用

'use strict';

var xiaoming = {
    name: '小明',
    birth: 1990,
    age: function () {
        var y = new Date().getFullYear();
        return y - this.birth;
    }
};

var fn = xiaoming.age;
fn(); // Uncaught TypeError: Cannot read property 'birth' of undefined

this指针只在age方法的函数内指向xiaoming，在函数内部定义的函数，this又指向undefined了！（在非strict模式下，它重新指向全局对象window)

'use strict';

var xiaoming = {
    name: '小明',
    birth: 1990,
    age: function () {
        function getAgeFromBirth() {
            var y = new Date().getFullYear();
            return y - this.birth;
        }
        return getAgeFromBirth();
    }
};

xiaoming.age(); // Uncaught TypeError: Cannot read property 'birth' of undefined

修复方法 that变量捕获this

'use strict';

var xiaoming = {
    name: '小明',
    birth: 1990,
    age: function () {
        var that = this; // 在方法内部一开始就捕获this
        function getAgeFromBirth() {
            var y = new Date().getFullYear();
            return y - that.birth; // 用that而不是this
        }
        return getAgeFromBirth();
    }
};

xiaoming.age(); // 25

apply 指定函数的this指向哪个对象

function getAge() {
    var y = new Date().getFullYear();
    return y - this.birth;
}

var xiaoming = {
    name: '小明',
    birth: 1990,
    age: getAge
};

xiaoming.age(); // 25
getAge.apply(xiaoming, []); // 25, this指向xiaoming, 参数为空

apply()与call()区别

apply()把参数打包成Array再传入；

call()把参数按顺序传入。

Math.max(3, 5, 4)

Math.max.apply(null, [3, 5, 4]); // 5
Math.max.call(null, 3, 5, 4); // 5

装饰器

统计一下代码一共调用了多少次parseInt()

var count = 0;
var oldParseInt = parseInt; // 保存原函数

window.parseInt = function () {
    count += 1;
    return oldParseInt.apply(null, arguments); // 调用原函数
};

// 测试:
parseInt('10');
parseInt('20');
parseInt('30');
count; // 3