近日,我国部分城市试点寒暑假学校托管机制,一时间,“取消教师寒暑假”这样的话题冲上热搜,网友,特别是中小学教师,担心此举会给本就有些不堪重负的老师增加更多压力。
今年6月的CATTI笔译实务中译英其中一篇,是关于减轻中小学教师负担、进一步营造教育教学良好环境的内容。借着近期的这个热点,我们一起来拆解。
以下是原文:
日前,出台了《关于减轻中小学教师负担进一步营造教育教学良好环境的若干意见》(以下简称“意见”)。党和国家高度重视教师工作,在倡导全社会尊师重教、推进教师管理体制机制改革、落实教师待遇保障等方面采取了一系列政策举措,取得显著成效。
由于种种原因,目前中小学教师还存在负担较重的问题,主要表现是:各种督查检查评比考核等事项名目多、频率高;各类调研、统计、信息采集等活动交叉重复;一些地方和部门在落实安全稳定、扫黑除恶、创优评先等工作时,经常向学校和教师摊派任务。这极大地干扰了学校正常的教育教学秩序,给教师增加了额外负担。
对此,根据《意见》精神,我们必须,精遵循教育教学规律,聚焦教师立德树人。大幅精简文件和会议。规范精简各类报表填写,减少调研、调研、统计等活动;提升数据采集信息化水平,充分利用现代信息技术特别是人工智能技术,提升教育管理工作的信息化、科学化水平。切实减少中小学校教师不应负责的事项,要减少督查、检查、评比、考核等事项;要减少社会事务进校园。切实减轻中小学教师负担,进一步营造宽松、宁静的教育教学环境和校园氛围,确保中小学教师潜心教书、静心育人。
第一句
日前,出台了《关于减轻中小学教师负担进一步营造教育教学良好环境的若干意见》(以下简称“意见”)。
这是个无主句。关于无主句的处理方法,我们在2021政府工作报告是怎么翻译出来的?(笔记持续更新中)中多次提到了:增补主语或处理为被动。也可以看下这篇:CATTI二笔中译英第一篇的那些无主句……附无主句翻译套路
这里考虑增补主语。这种文件只能是政府出台,这里可以笼统地用China指代。
“出台”其实就是“发布”的意思,一般政府发布文件可用issue。如果是“出台新举措”,可以用introduce new measures; 出台了什么政策,可以是unveil/introduce/launch/roll out policies;
“以下简称”hereinafter: ADV in a subsequent part or from this point on in this document, statement, etc 在下文中;
“日前”用过去时体现就行了。
译文
China issued the “Several Opinions on Reducing the Burden of Teachers at Primary and Secondary Schools and Further Creating a Good Environment for Education” (hereinafter referred to as the “Opinions”).
第二句
党和国家高度重视教师工作,在倡导全社会尊师重教、推进教师管理体制机制改革、落实教师待遇保障等方面采取了一系列政策举措,取得显著成效。
这句话很显然是个总分结构。
总:党和国家高度重视教师工作
高度重视:attach great importance to/put/place/set a premium on ...
译文就呼之欲出了:
The Party and the State attach great importance to/ put (place/set) a premium on the work of teachers.
具体怎么个重视法呢?
在倡导全社会尊师重教、推进教师管理体制机制改革、落实教师待遇保障等方面采取了一系列政策举措,取得显著成效。
“在...方面”很容易看出来吧:状语成分
主干:采取了一系列政策举措,取得显著成效。
这又是一个无主句,逻辑主语很容易找到:上一句的主语“党和国家”。不过为了避免结构重复,这里可以用被动:
A series of policy measures have been adopted
“取得显著成效”其实就是说这些政策“成果丰硕”嘛,fruitful做定语:
A series of fruitful policy measures have been adopted
这时候轮到状语出场了:in terms of...
考虑到这部分比较长,“等”可以放到插入语的位置,来平衡这个大长句:among other aspects
我们在知新共学外刊群(8月15日开始)中也提到among other things,在在列举的时候,除了etc./and so on/including… ,还可以用它,看一个外刊群文章原句吧:
Female troops used to be confined to non-combat roles such as nursing and administration, but in recent years the high command has allowed them to fly fighter jets and drive tanks, among other things.女兵们过去被限制在护理和行政这类非战斗职位上,但近年最高指挥部已经允许她们驾驶战斗机、开坦克,很快还会让她们登上潜艇。
倡导全社会尊师重教。在今年的2021政府工作报告是怎么翻译出来的?(笔记持续更新中)里也出现过,这里直接套用就行了:encourage public respect for teachers and public support for education
或者也可以用foster:[ VN] to encourage sth to develop 促进;助长;培养;鼓励
“推进:push forward/advance/promote
落实教师待遇保障:解释着翻译。先做个CC: 确保教师享受公平待遇
译文
A series of fruitful policy measures have been adopted in terms of, among other aspects, encouraging/fostering public respect for educators and public support for education, pushing forward/advancing/promoting the reform of teacher management systems and mechanisms, and making sure teachers are paid fairly.
第三句&第四句
由于种种原因,目前中小学教师还存在负担较重的问题,主要表现是:各种督查检查评比考核等事项名目多、频率高;各类调研、统计、信息采集等活动交叉重复;一些地方和部门在落实安全稳定、扫黑除恶、创优评先等工作时,经常向学校和教师摊派任务。这极大地干扰了学校正常的教育教学秩序,给教师增加了额外负担。
第三句很长,然而我们还是把它第四句合并了起来。为啥呢?因为它们关联性很强呀。当然你也可以把第四句单独处理,也没问题~
句子虽然长,但是很整齐,不要担心。
中小学教师 teachers at primary and secondary schools
教师还存在负担较重的问题——其实说的是“教师面临着...问题/不得不应付...问题”:have to cope with/are faced with...
既然放在with后面,“负担较重”就要处理为名词词组:a heavy workload
接下来的各种问题,也要处理为名词词组。
比如“名目多、频率高”,就要处理为“多名目、高频率”,出于整洁考虑,处理为形容词作定语:varied, frequent...
“一些地方和部门在落实安全稳定、扫黑除恶、创优评先等工作时,经常向学校和教师摊派任务”———这部分稍微复杂一点,为了与前面的成分对应,我们要把“经常向学校和教师摊派任务”处理为名词词组放到前面,状语放到后面:
Tasks apportioned/appointed to schools and teachers
谁分派的呢?
By some local governments or departments
接着处理状语就好
apportion/əˈpɔːʃən/ :[ VN ] ~ sth (among/between/to sb) ( formal ) to divide sth among people; to give a share of sth to sb 分配;分摊;分派
They apportioned the land among members of the family. 他们把土地分给了家中各人。
“扫黑除恶、创优评先”这些都可以背下来~
接下来处理第四句:
这极大地干扰了学校正常的教育教学秩序,给教师增加了额外负担。
“这”指代的是第三句的所有内容,可以处理为all these deeds;
正常的教育教学秩序: the normal operation of schools
“给教师增加了额外负担”这里可以理解为一种递进,所以可以处理为并列,毕竟and也是有递进的作用。
或者也可以处理为结果状语,因为这篇文章讨论的就是教师工作繁重,那重点自然是在这上面:...putting an extra burden on teachers
Due to various reasons, teachers at primary and secondary schools still have to cope with a heavy workload, which is mainly manifested in the following forms: varied, frequent supervisory inspections, appraisals, evaluations, and other administrative tasks; crossed, repeated holding of various surveys, statistics, information collection, and other activities; and additional tasks apportioned to schools and teachers by some local governments or departments when maintaining regional security and stability, combating organized crime and eradicating local criminal gangs, and applying for merit appraisals—all these deeds have seriously interfered with the normal operation of schools and put an extra burden on teachers.
第五句
对此,根据《意见》精神,我们必须,精遵循教育教学规律,聚焦教师立德树人。
“规律”这里指规章条例,law:[ C] one of the rules which controls an organization or activity 规则;规章;条例
“立德树人”其实讲的就是“德育”:foster virtue through education
译文大概写一个:
According to the Opinions, it is necessary to follow the laws of education and teaching, and let teachers focus on fostering virtue through education.
第六句
大幅精简文件和会议。
又是一个无主句,我们来个被动。
什么样的文件?需要教师准备的文件documents prepared by teachers;
什么样的会议?需要教师参加的会议 meetings attended by teachers。
Specifically, the number of documents prepared and meetings attended by teachers will be reduced significantly.
第七句
规范精简各类报表填写,减少调研、调研、统计等活动;提升数据采集信息化水平,充分利用现代信息技术特别是人工智能技术,提升教育管理工作的信息化、科学化水平。
还是无主句,试着增补主语We;
“精简”是公文老朋友了streamline:to make a system, an organization, etc. work better, especially in a way that saves money 使(系统、机构等)效率更高;(尤指)使增产节约
分号前面可以单独成句:
We will standardize and streamline the filling of various reports and forms, and decrease/reduce/cut the frequency of research, survey, statistical, and other activities.
提升数据采集信息化水平
可以用被动:
Data will be collected by the increased use of information technology.
或者还是增补主语We:
We will improve the level of information technology for data collection.
充分利用现代信息技术特别是人工智能技术,提升教育管理工作的信息化、科学化水平。
这句话的主干很容易提取出来:充分利用现代信息技术提升...
Modern information technologies will be fully utilized to....
其余的部分插进去就好。
“特别是人工智能技术”especially..., 放到插入语的部分再好不过
提升教育管理工作的信息化、科学化水平:
提升的是教育管理工作,在什么方面提升呢:
信息化、科学化水平
比较级自然而然在“信息化、科学化水平”上,即:to conduct education management in a more IT-enabled and science-based manner.
整一整:
Modern information technologies, especially artificial intelligence technology, will be fully utilized to conduct education management in a more IT-enabled and science-based manner.
第七句
切实减少中小学校教师不应负责的事项,要减少督查、检查、评比、考核等事项;要减少社会事务进校园。
还是无主句呀,试着增补主语吧,We...
3个“减少”是并列的,可以尝试花式换词,reduce, decrease, cut, minimize;
“减少不应负责的事项”减少的是事情的“量”:reduce the amount of...
“减少评比考核事项”减少的是“频次”:decrease the frequency of...
译文
We will help primary and secondary school teachers reduce the amount of work that falls outside the scope of their primary responsibility, decrease the frequency of such activities as supervisory review, inspection, appraisal, and evaluation, and minimize the workload of social affairs in the campus.
第八句
切实减轻中小学教师负担,进一步营造宽松、宁静的教育教学环境和校园氛围,确保中小学教师潜心教书、静心育人。
无主句,增补主语
同时,为了与上文衔接更流畅,可以增补with these steps,通过这些措施,放到句首。这也是政工报告里经常出现的。
“切实”什么意思呢,就是要落到实处,确保是“有效的” effectively;
或者理解为“确保”,即We will ensure that the burden on primary and secondary school teachers are relieved, and ....
“进一步营造”可以理解为是减轻负担的结果,处理为结果状语:thus creating...
“教学环境和校园氛围”处理一次即可teaching environment;
“确保中小学教师潜心教书、静心育人”是一个目的,所以可以处理结果状语或用一个定语从句:
thus creating a relaxed, peaceful teaching environment where teachers can concentrate on...
thus creating a relaxed, peaceful teaching environment so that teachers can concentrate on...
也可以处理为定语从句:
With these steps, we will effectively relieve the burden on primary and secondary school teachers, thus creating a relaxed, peaceful teaching environment where teachers can concentrate on teaching and education.
本系列完结。
虽然平日里小姐姐们工作缠身,更新慢,但每一次,我们都诚意满满。