ArrayList
package java.util;
public class ArrayList<E> extends AbstractList<E>
implements List<E>, RandomAccess, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable{
private static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 10;
private static final Object[] EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};
private transient Object[] elementData;
private int size;
//其余省略
}
- 2 ArrayList以数组实现,允许重复。超出限制时会增加50%的容量(grow()方法中实现,如下所示),每次扩容都底层采用System.arrayCopy()复制到新的数组,因此最好能给出数组大小的预估值。默认第一次插入元素时创建数组的大小为10。
private void grow(int minCapacity) {
// overflow-conscious code
int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1);
if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)
newCapacity = minCapacity;
if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)
newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);
// minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win:
elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);
}
- 3 按数组下标访问元素—get(i)/set(i,e) 的性能很高,这是数组的基本优势。
public E get(int index) {
rangeCheck(index);
return elementData(index);
}
public E set(int index, E element) {
rangeCheck(index);
E oldValue = elementData(index);
elementData[index] = element;
return oldValue;
}
- 4 直接在数组末尾加入元素—add(e)的性能也高,但如果按下标插入、删除元素—add(i,e), remove(i), remove(e),则要用System.arraycopy()来移动部分受影响的元素,性能就变差了,这是基本劣势。
public boolean add(E e) {
ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); // Increments modCount!!
elementData[size++] = e;
return true;
}
public void add(int index, E element) {
rangeCheckForAdd(index);
ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); // Increments modCount!!
System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + 1,
size - index);
elementData[index] = element;
size++;
}
public E remove(int index) {
rangeCheck(index);
modCount++;
E oldValue = elementData(index);
int numMoved = size - index - 1;
if (numMoved > 0)
System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,
numMoved);
elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work
return oldValue;
}
public boolean remove(Object o) {
if (o == null) {
for (int index = 0; index < size; index++)
if (elementData[index] == null) {
fastRemove(index);
return true;
}
} else {
for (int index = 0; index < size; index++)
if (o.equals(elementData[index])) {
fastRemove(index);
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
- 5 ArrayList中有一个方法trimToSize()用来缩小elementData数组的大小,这样可以节约内存。考虑这样一种情形,当某个应用需要,一个ArrayList扩容到比如size=10000,之后经过一系列remove操作size=15,在后面的很长一段时间内这个ArrayList的size一直保持在<100以内,那么就造成了很大的空间浪费,这时候建议显式调用一下trimToSize()这个方法,以优化一下内存空间。
public void trimToSize() {
modCount++;
if (size < elementData.length) {
elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size);
}
}
- 6 注意ArrayList的特殊之处在于它implements了RandomAccess这个接口,采用迭代器遍历比较慢,不推荐。其实也可以加个判断,让程序通用起来:
if (list instanceof RandomAccess)
{
for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++)
{
}
}
else
{
Iterator<?> iterator = list.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext())
{
iterator.next();
}
}