1.在pom文件中加入依赖

<!--父依赖-->
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.5.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>

    <!--编码格式-->
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <!--核心依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!--Swagger2-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
            <artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId>
            <version>2.5.0</version>
        </dependency>
        
        <!--Swagger-ui-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
            <artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId>
            <version>2.5.0</version>
        </dependency>
                
        <!-- 引入web依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        
        <!-- 引入test测试依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        
        <!-- Junit 单元测试 依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        </dependency>
                
        <!-- 引入Lombock依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        
        <!--阿里fastjson-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.46</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Spring Boot devtools 热部署 依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!--quartz定时任务-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId>
            <artifactId>quartz</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.0</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--Excel导入导出-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
            <artifactId>poi</artifactId>
            <version>3.17</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
            <artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId>
            <version>RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.8</version>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <!-- SpringBoot 项目打jar包的Maven插件 -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
        <!-- SpringBoot项目打包jar名称 -->
        <finalName>SpringBoot-one</finalName>
    </build>
</project>

2.定义一个封装json的工具类,使用阿里巴巴的fastjson

@Setter
@Getter
@ToString
public class JsonResult<Data> implements Serializable{
    private int code;   //返回码 非0即失败
    private String msg; //消息提示
    private Map<String, Object> data; //返回的数据

    public JsonResult(){

    };

    public JsonResult(int code, String msg, Map<String, Object> data) {
        this.code = code;
        this.msg = msg;
        this.data = data;
    }

    public static String success() {
        return success(new HashMap(0));
    }
    public static String success(Map<String, Object> data) {
        return JSON.toJSONString(new JsonResult(0, "解析成功", data));
    }

    public static String failed() {
        return failed("解析失败");
    }
    public static String failed(String msg) {
        return failed(-1, msg);
    }
    public static String failed(int code, String msg) {
        return  JSON.toJSONString(new JsonResult(code, msg, new HashMap(0)));
    }
    }

3.设定全局变量异常处理

@ControllerAdvice
@ResponseBody
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
    private static final String logExceptionFormat = "Capture Exception By GlobalExceptionHandler: Code: %s Detail: %s";
    private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(GlobalExceptionHandler.class);

    //运行时异常
    @ExceptionHandler(RuntimeException.class)
    public String runtimeExceptionHandler(RuntimeException ex) {
        return resultFormat(1, ex);
    }

    //空指针异常
    @ExceptionHandler(NullPointerException.class)
    public String nullPointerExceptionHandler(NullPointerException ex) {
        System.err.println("NullPointerException:");
        return resultFormat(2, ex);
    }

    //类型转换异常
    @ExceptionHandler(ClassCastException.class)
    public String classCastExceptionHandler(ClassCastException ex) {
        return resultFormat(3, ex);
    }

    //IO异常
    @ExceptionHandler(IOException.class)
    public String iOExceptionHandler(IOException ex) {
        return resultFormat(4, ex);
    }

    //未知方法异常
    @ExceptionHandler(NoSuchMethodException.class)
    public String noSuchMethodExceptionHandler(NoSuchMethodException ex) {
        return resultFormat(5, ex);
    }

    //数组越界异常
    @ExceptionHandler(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class)
    public String indexOutOfBoundsExceptionHandler(IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
        return resultFormat(6, ex);
    }

    //400错误
    @ExceptionHandler({HttpMessageNotReadableException.class})
    public String requestNotReadable(HttpMessageNotReadableException ex) {
        System.out.println("400..requestNotReadable");
        return resultFormat(7, ex);
    }

    //400错误
    @ExceptionHandler({TypeMismatchException.class})
    public String requestTypeMismatch(TypeMismatchException ex) {
        System.out.println("400..TypeMismatchException");
        return resultFormat(8, ex);
    }

    //400错误
    @ExceptionHandler({MissingServletRequestParameterException.class})
    public String requestMissingServletRequest(MissingServletRequestParameterException ex) {
        System.out.println("400..MissingServletRequest");
        return resultFormat(9, ex);
    }

    //405错误
    @ExceptionHandler({HttpRequestMethodNotSupportedException.class})
    public String request405(HttpRequestMethodNotSupportedException ex) {
        return resultFormat(10, ex);
    }

    //406错误
    @ExceptionHandler({HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException.class})
    public String request406(HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException ex) {
        System.out.println("406...");
        return resultFormat(11, ex);
    }

    //500错误
    @ExceptionHandler({ConversionNotSupportedException.class, HttpMessageNotWritableException.class})
    public String server500(RuntimeException ex) {
        System.out.println("500...");
        return resultFormat(12, ex);
    }

    //栈溢出
    @ExceptionHandler({StackOverflowError.class})
    public String requestStackOverflow(StackOverflowError ex) {
        return resultFormat(13, ex);
    }

    //除数不能为0
    @ExceptionHandler({ArithmeticException.class})
    public String arithmeticException(ArithmeticException ex) {
        return resultFormat(13, ex);
    }


    //其他错误
    @ExceptionHandler({Exception.class})
    public String exception(Exception ex) {
        return resultFormat(14, ex);
    }

    private <T extends Throwable> String resultFormat(Integer code, T ex) {
        ex.printStackTrace();
        log.error(String.format(logExceptionFormat, code, ex.getMessage()));
        return JsonResult.failed(code, ex.getMessage());
    }

}

4.测试Controller

package com.gg.Controller;

import io.swagger.annotations.ApiImplicitParam;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiOperation;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("e")
public class ExceptionController {

    @ApiOperation(value = "测试", notes = "测试")
    @ApiImplicitParam(name = "user", value = "用户进行测试", required = true,dataType = "user")
    @RequestMapping("/exce")
    public Object showInfo(){
        System.err.println("dddddddddddddd");
        String info ="你好";
        int a = 1/0;
        return info;
    }
}