参考范文1
The bar chart illustrates how many millions of American households fell into four annual-income brackets in three separate years: 2007, 2011 and 2015.
Overall, the income distribution shifted upwards. Whereas households earning less than 25,000 remained the single largest group throughout the period, their share contracted noticeably, and the 100,000-plus segment expanded until it became the second-largest by 2015.
In 2007, 28 million homes were in the lowest bracket; this figure dipped to 26 million in 2011 before sliding further to 24 million in 2015. Conversely, the highest earners advanced steadily, climbing from 21 million to 24 million and then surging to 31 million, an increase of almost 50 % in eight years.
The two middle bands displayed more modest fluctuations. Households pulling in 25,000-49,999 edged down from 21 million to 19 million, whereas those in the 50,000-74,999 range hovered around 15 million. The 75,000-99,999 cohort was the most stable, remaining at roughly 12 million in every recorded year.
In summary, the period witnessed a clear polarisation: lower-income households diminished in number, while affluent households proliferated, signalling a gradual, yet consistent, rise in the earning power of US families.
中文译文
该柱状图展示了 2007、2011 和 2015 三年中，美国家庭按年收入划分的数量（以百万为单位）。
总体而言，收入分布整体向上移动。尽管年收入低于 25,000 美元的家庭始终是最大群体，但其数量显著缩减；而 100,000 美元以上的家庭持续增加，至 2015 年已跃升为第二大群体。
2007 年，最低收入段有 2,800 万户，2011 年降至 2,600 万，2015 年进一步减至 2,400 万。相反，最高收入段从 2,100 万稳步增至 2,400 万，随后飙升至 3,100 万，八年间涨幅近五成。
两个中等收入段波动较小：25,000–49,999 美元段由 2,100 万略降至 1,900 万；50,000–74,999 美元段围绕 1,500 万徘徊；75,000–99,999 美元段最为稳定，始终保持在约 1,200 万。
总之，这一时期呈现出明显的两极化：低收入家庭减少，高收入家庭增多，表明美国家庭整体收入水平逐步提升。
核心词汇 + 同义替换
1. bar chart /bɑː tʃɑːrt/ column graph /ˈkɒləm ɡrɑːf/
2. household /ˈhaʊshəʊld/ family unit /ˈfæməli ˈjuːnɪt/
3. annual income /ˈænjuəl ˈɪnkʌm/
yearly earnings /ˈjɪəli ˈɜːnɪŋz/
4. bracket /ˈbrækɪt/ category /ˈkætəɡəri/
5. remain stable /rɪˈmeɪn ˈsteɪbl/ stay constant /steɪ ˈkɒnstənt/
6. shrink /ʃrɪŋk/ contract /kənˈtrækt/
7. surge /sɜːdʒ/ soar /sɔː(r)/
8. overtake /ˌəʊvəˈteɪk/
outnumber /ˌaʊtˈnʌmbə(r)/
柱状图常用句型
1. The bar chart illustrates how many … fell into four distinct … brackets in …
2. Overall, a clear upward shift in the income distribution is evident.
3. The figure for … dipped from … in … to … in …, whereas that for … surged to …
4. By 2015, … had overtaken … to become the second-largest group.
5. In summary, the period witnessed a pronounced polarisation, with … diminishing and … proliferating.
参考范文2
The bar chart compares the number of US households across five income brackets in 2007, 2011, and 2015.
In all years, households earning less than 25,000 were the most prevalent, though their numbers fluctuated slightly: around 25 million in 2007, 29 million in 2011, and 28 million in 2015. The less than 25,000(dark grey) were the most prevalent, though their numbers fluctuated slightly: around 25 million in 2007, 29 million in 2011, and 28 million in 2015. The25,000(darkgrey)were the most prevalent, though their numbers fluctuated slightly: around 25 million in 2007, 29million in 2011, and 28million in 2015. The 25,000–$49,999 group(white) followed closely, with figures stable at approximately 27 million in 2007 and 2015, dipping marginally to 26 million in 2011.
For middle-income brackets (grey and light grey), the50,000–50,000–50,000–74,999 category remained steady at 21–22 million over the period, while75,000–75,000–75,000–99,999 households stayed constant at 15 million. Notably, the highest earners ($100,000 or more, diagonal stripes) showed the most significant growth: from 15 million in 2007 to 33 million in 2015, nearly doubling.
Overall, lower-income households (<$50k) dominated numerically, but the top bracket expanded dramatically, suggesting a widening income distribution over eight years.
译文
该柱状图对比了2007年、2011年和2015年美国五个收入阶层的家庭数量。
在所有年份中，年收入低于25,000美元的家庭（深灰色）占比最高，但其数量略有波动：2007年约2500万，2011年增至2900万，2015年回落至2800万。25,000–49,999美元收入组（白色）紧随其后，2007年和2015年均稳定在约2700万，2011年小幅下降至2600万。
中等收入阶层（灰色和浅灰色）中，50,000–74,999美元家庭数量在整个期间保持2100–2200万，75,000–99,999美元家庭则稳定在1500万。值得注意的是，最高收入群体（10万美元及以上，斜纹）增长最为显著：从2007年的1500万增至2015年的3300万，几乎翻倍。
总体而言，低收入家庭（<5万美元）在数量上占主导，但最高收入阶层显著扩张，表明八年期间收入分布差距扩大。
柱状图核心词汇及同义替换
1. household/ˈhaʊshəʊld/ (n.) 家庭
• 同义替换：family unit, domestic household
2. annual income/ˈænjuəl ˈɪnkʌm/ (n.) 年收入
• 同义替换：yearly earnings, annual salary
3. bracket/ˈbrækɪt/ (n.) 阶层，区间
• 同义替换：category, range, group
4. fluctuate/ˈflʌktʃueɪt/ (v.) 波动
• 同义替换：vary, change erratically
5. stable/ˈsteɪbl/ (adj.) 稳定的
• 同义替换：steady, constant, unchanging
6. dip/dɪp/ (v.) 下降，小幅减少
• 同义替换：decline slightly, drop marginally
7. remain steady/rɪˈmeɪn ˈstedi/ (phr.) 保持稳定
• 同义替换：stay constant, remain unchanged
8. significant growth/sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt ɡrəʊθ/ (n.) 显著增长
• 同义替换：substantial increase, marked rise
9. dominate/ˈdɒmɪneɪt/ (v.) 占主导
• 同义替换：predominate, be the largest group
10. distribution/ˌdɪstrɪˈbjuːʃn/ (n.) 分布
• 同义替换：spread, dispersion
柱状图雅思词伙
1. compare A and B对比A和B
2. show a significant increase呈现显著增长
3. remain stable over the period在此期间保持稳定
4. the most/least prevalent category最/最不普遍的类别
5. fluctuate between...and...在……之间波动
6. account for the largest proportion占最大比例
7. experience a marginal decline经历小幅下降
8. double in number数量翻倍
9. follow a similar trend遵循相似趋势
10. widen the gap扩大差距
参考范文3
The bar chart illustrates the distribution of US households across five annual income brackets in 2007, 2011, and 2015, measured in millions. A clear pattern of income polarization emerges, with significant growth in both the lowest and highest earners, while middle-income groups contracted.
In 2007, households earning25,000–25,000–25,000–49,999 represented the largest segment at 27 million, marginally exceeding the sub-25,000 group (25million). By2011, the lowest bracket surged to 30 million, coinciding with a sharp decline in the 25,000 group (25 million). By 2011, the lowest bracket surged to 30 million, coinciding with a sharp decline in the 25,000 group (25million). By2011, the lowest bracket surged to 30 million, coinciding with a sharp decline in the 50,000–74,999 category from 21 million to 15 million.
Notably, the 74,999 category from 21 million to 15 million. Notably, the 74,999 category from 21 million to 15 million. Notably, the 100,000+ segment remained stable at 15 million during this period.
The most dramatic shift occurred by 2015, when the highest earners became the second-largest group, rocketing to 33 million—nearly doubling their 2007 figure. Meanwhile, the 25,000–25,000–25,000–49,999 bracket decreased slightly to 28 million, and the 75,000–75,000–75,000–99,999 group stagnated at 21 million. The 50,000–74,999 segment showed modest recovery to 21 million but failed to regain its 2007 level.
Overall, these trends indicate a widening wealth gap: the top and bottom income tiers expanded considerably, while middle-income households experienced either contraction or stagnation.
中文译文
该柱状图展示了2007年、2011年和2015年美国五个年收入阶层的家庭数量（以百万为单位）。数据呈现出明显的收入两极分化趋势：最低和最高收入群体显著增长，而中等收入群体则有所萎缩。
2007年，年收入25,000–49,999美元的家庭为最大群体，达2700万，略高于25,000美元以下群体（2500万）。到2011年，最低收入阶层激增至3000万，与此同时50,000–74,999美元群体从2100万骤降至1500万。值得注意的是，100,000美元以上群体在此期间稳定在1500万。
最显著的变化出现在2015年：高收入家庭跃居第二大群体，飙升至3300万，较2007年几乎翻倍。同时，25,000–49,999美元阶层小幅下降至2800万，75,000–99,999美元群体停滞在2100万。50,000–74,999美元群体虽小幅回升至2100万，但未能恢复2007年水平。
总体而言，这些趋势表明贫富差距扩大：顶层和底层收入群体显著扩张，而中等收入家庭则面临萎缩或停滞。
核心词汇及同义替换
1. Distribution/ˌdɪstrɪˈbjuːʃn/ – 分布
• Synonym: Allocation /ˌæləˈkeɪʃn/, Spread /spred/
2. Segment/ˈseɡmənt/ – 群体
• Synonym: Bracket /ˈbrækɪt/, Category /ˈkætəɡəri/
3. Surge/sɜːdʒ/ – 激增
• Synonym: Spike /spaɪk/, Soar /sɔː(r)/
4. Stagnate/stæɡˈneɪt/ – 停滞
• Synonym: Plateau /plæˈtoʊ/, Remain unchanged /rɪˈmeɪn ʌnˈtʃeɪndʒd/
5. Rocket/ˈrɒkɪt/ – 飙升
• Synonym: Skyrocket /ˈskaɪrɒkɪt/, Jump /dʒʌmp/
6. Contraction/kənˈtrækʃn/ – 收缩
• Synonym: Shrinkage /ˈʃrɪŋkɪdʒ/, Reduction /rɪˈdʌkʃn/
7. Wealth gap/welθ ɡæp/ – 贫富差距
• Synonym: Income disparity /ˈɪnkʌm dɪˈspærəti/
8. Marginally/ˈmɑːdʒɪnəli/ – 轻微地
• Synonym: Slightly /ˈslaɪtli/, Barely /ˈbeəli/
9. Modest/ˈmɒdɪst/ – 适度的
• Synonym: Moderate /ˈmɒdərət/, Subdued /səbˈdjuːd/
10. Polarization/ˌpəʊləraɪˈzeɪʃn/ – 两极分化
• Synonym: Division /dɪˈvɪʒn/, Stratification /ˌstrætɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/
柱状图雅思词伙
1. Illustrate the distribution of– 展示…的分布
Example: The chart illustrates the distribution of households by income.
2. Largest segment– 最大群体
Example: The $25k–49k bracket was the largest segment in 2007.
3. Marginally exceed– 轻微超过
Example: Group A marginally exceeded Group B by 2 million.
4. Surge to– 激增至
Example: The lowest bracket surged to 30 million in 2011.
5. Coincide with– 与…同时发生
Example: The decline coincided with economic recession.
6. Sharp decline– 急剧下降
Example: Middle-income groups saw a sharp decline in 2011.
7. Remain stable– 保持稳定
Example: The top bracket remained stable at 15 million.
8. Rocket to– 飙升至
Example: High earners rocketed to 33 million by 2015.
9. Nearly double– 几乎翻倍
Example: The top segment nearly doubled over eight years.
10. Stagnate at– 停滞在
Example: The $75k–99k group stagnated at 21 million.
11. Modest recovery– 适度复苏
Example: The middle bracket showed modest recovery.
12. Fail to regain– 未能恢复
Example: It failed to regain its 2007 level.
13. Widening wealth gap– 扩大的贫富差距
Example: Data reveals a widening wealth gap.
14. Experience contraction– 经历收缩
Example: Middle-income households experienced contraction.
15. Top and bottom tiers– 顶层和底层
Example: Top and bottom tiers expanded considerably.
