L5-U3-P2-1 Listening : The Circulatory System 1 循环系统1
A flow chart, like this one, shows how a process begins and ends, and the steps in between.
流程图，如图所示，展示了一个流程如何开始、结束，以及中间的步骤。
The process can be of almost any kind, from manufacturing a tire to creating an advertisement.
流程几乎可以是任何类型，从制造轮胎到制作广告。
Therefore, learning how to describe and explain a process in English is important.
因此，学会用英语描述和解释流程非常重要。
It's important for teachers, engineers, and people who provide customer support.
这对教师、工程师以及提供客户支持的人员都至关重要。
(1) A flow chart, like this one, shows how a process begins and ends, and the steps in between.
(2) The process can be of almost any kind, fro mmanufacturing a tire to creating an advertisement.
(3) Therefore, learning how to describe and explain a process in English is important.
(4) It's important for teachers, engineers, and people who provide customer support.
One process that we are all familiar with is our body's circulatory system.
我们所有人都熟悉的一个过程就是人体的循环系统。
This system provides oxygen throughout the body and eliminates carbon dioxide, which is a waste product.
该系统为全身提供氧气，并排出二氧化碳这一废物。
If something goes wrong with this system, we need to repair it quickly, or we die.
如果这个系统出现问题，我们需要迅速修复，否则就会死亡。
So it's important to understand it and keep it functioning properly.
因此，理解它并保持其正常运转非常重要。
What happens with something goes wrong with the sysetem can't be repaired? -If it can't be repaired, we will die.
It's important to keep it functioning properly or we will die.
It's important for teachers, engineers, and people who provide customer support.
First, the most important requirement for the system to work is a supply of air.
首先，该系统运行最重要的条件是空气供应。
Without fresh air with sufficient oxygen, the process won't keep us healthy and alive.
没有富含足够氧气的新鲜空气，这一过程将无法维持我们的健康与生命。
So the process begins by breathing in air, which happens when the lungs expand and draw in air.
因此流程始于吸入空气——当肺部扩张时空气被吸入体内。
Once inside the lungs, oxygen in the air is exchanged for carbon dioxide in the blood.
空气进入肺部后，其中的氧气与血液中的二氧化碳进行交换。
This exchange happens when blood cells release carbon dioxide and absorb oxygen.
这一交换发生在血细胞释放二氧化碳并吸收氧气时。
This blood is now oxygenated blood, which means it carries oxygen.
此时的血液已成为含氧血，意味着它携带着氧气。
What kind of blood is oxygenated blood?--- it carries oxygen .
(1) After exchanging CO2 fox oxygen,oxygenated blood flows to the heart.
(2) From the heart it is pumped to the rest of the body.
(3) The carbon dioxide which was exchanged for oxygen is breathed out.
(4) This happens when the lungs contract.
To summarize, the process begins by inhaling air and oxygenating the blood.
概括来说，该过程始于吸入空气并使血液充氧。
The oxygenated blood in the lungs then flows back to the heart.
肺部充氧后的血液随后流回心脏。
The CO2 which came from the blood is exhaled, and the next cycle begins.
血液中的二氧化碳被呼出，下一个循环随之开始。
Where does the CO2 come from? -blood that comes from the heart
Note that the blood in the lungs flows in a loop from the heart.
需注意，肺部的血液以循环方式来自心脏。
The blood which enters the loop from the heart carries carbon dioxide.
从心脏进入循环的血液携带二氧化碳。
Once the carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen, the blood continues through the loop and exits into the heart.
当二氧化碳与氧气交换后，血液继续循环并流回心脏。
The oxygenated blood is then pumped to the rest of the body.
随后，含氧血液被泵送至身体其他部位。
What happens to the oxygenated blood after flows to the heart? - It pumps to the rest of the body.
To stay healthy and alive, we need fresh air with sufficient oxygen.
The system won't work without a supply of air.
From the heart it is pumped to the rest of the body.
L5-U3-P2-2 Listening : The Circulatory System 2循环系统 2
As you can see, everything depends on the flow of blood to and from the heart.
如你所见，一切都依赖于血液流向心脏和从心脏流出。
So how does the heart do this?
那么心脏是如何做到这一点的呢？
First, the heart, which is a muscle, has 4 chambers.
首先，心脏是一个肌肉组织，它拥有四个腔室。
From one chamber, blood is pumped to the lungs.
血液从一个腔室被泵送到肺部。
This is the blood that carries carbon dioxide.
这部分血液携带着二氧化碳。
When the oxygenated blood from the lungs comes back to the heart, it enters another chamber.
当来自肺部的富氧血液返回心脏时，它会进入另一个腔室。
This chamber is called the left atrium.
这个腔室被称为左心房。
In addition to a supply of air, the circulatory system ...depends on the flow of blood to and from the heart.
(1) First, the heart, which is a muscle, has 4 chambers.
(2) From one chamber, blood is pumped to the lungs.
(3) This is the blood that carries carbon dioxide.
(4) When the oxygenated blood from the lungs comes back to the heart, it enters another chamber.
From the left atrium, the oxygenated blood is pumped into another chamber, the left ventricle.
富氧血液从左心房被泵入另一个腔室——左心室。
The left ventricle then pumps the blood into the aorta, which is the largest artery in the body.
左心室随后将血液泵入主动脉，这是人体最大的动脉。
From the aorta, the oxygenated blood passes through a network of smaller arteries throughout the entire body, including the brain.
富氧血液从主动脉出发，通过遍布全身（包括大脑）的细小动脉网络输送。
Blood returns to the heart through a system of veins and enters the upper right chamber, the right atrium.
血液通过静脉系统流回心脏，并进入右上方的腔室——右心房。
What does the heart use to pump blood throughout the body？- a network of arteries and veins
From the left atrium, the oxygenated blood is pumped into another chamber, the left ventricle.The left ventricle then pumps the blood into the aorta, which is the largest artery in the body.From the aorta, the oxygenated blood passes through a network of smaller arteries throughout the entire body, including the brain.
Now that we understand a little about the circulatory system, we can ask what it needs to operate.
既然我们对循环系统有了一些了解，就可以问问它需要什么来运转。
Of course it can't operate without energy.
当然，没有能量它就无法运转。
This energy is supplied by another system, the digestive system, which gets energy from food.
这种能量由另一个系统——消化系统提供，它从食物中获取能量。
And of course these systems need to be supported and controlled.
当然，这些系统需要得到支撑和控制。
Our skeletal system provides support, and our muscular system provides control and movement.
我们的骨骼系统提供支撑，而肌肉系统则提供控制和运动。
Without support and movement, we couldn't get the food that we need for energy.
没有支撑和运动，我们就无法获取我们所需的能量食物。
Only plants can do this because they have a completely different system, which gets energy directly from the sun.
只有植物能做到这一点，因为它们有一个完全不同的系统，可以直接从太阳获取能量。
What provides physical support for our bodies? -the skeletal system
Without support and movement, we couldn't get the food that we need for energy. Only plants can do this because they have a completely different system, which gets
To summarize, the human body is like a huge, complex factory.
总而言之，人体就像一个巨大而复杂的工厂。
The language we use to describe how it functions is the same language we use to describe almost any industrial process.
我们用来描述其功能的语言，与描述几乎所有工业流程的语言是相同的。
The vocabulary is different, but the processes, flows and logical relationships are almost identical.
虽然词汇不同，但流程、流向和逻辑关系几乎是一样的。
Think of some familiar process in your life or job and see if you can describe and explain it in English.
想一想你生活或工作中某个熟悉的过程，看看你是否能用英语描述和解释它。
The human body is like a huge, complex factory. The language we use to describe how it functions is the same language we use to describe almost any industrial process. The vocabulary is different, but the processes, flows and logical relationships are almost identical.
The human body is like a huge, complex factory.
Our skeletal system provides physical support for our bodies.
L5-U3-P2-3 Vocabulary : Verbs About Problems 关于动词
Maintain: to preserve or keep things as they are.
维护：指保持事物原有状态。
Our quality is excellent, so your job is to maintain our high standards and improve them if you can.
我们的质量非常出色，因此你的职责是维持我们的高标准，并尽可能提升它们。
These historic buildings are very old and need to be maintained.
这些历史建筑年代久远，需要进行维护。
After their divorce they managed to maintain fairly good relations because of their children .
Because of economic competition, maintaining peaceful relations isn't easy.
The house was very well maintained,even though it was extremely old.
Disrupt: to cause disorder or confusion.
颠覆/扰乱：指引发混乱或困惑。
Smartphones have disrupted the way we live our lives.
智能手机已经颠覆了我们的生活方式。
Investors want to invest in companies that disrupt the way things are done.
投资者希望投资于那些能颠覆传统做事方式的公司。
Sometimes disruptive technologies change the world in ways we don't like.
His presence in the office is disruptIve, so we need to get rid of him as soon as possible.
Settle: to calm things down or end a conflict or disagreement.
平息/解决：指使事态平静下来或结束冲突与分歧。
He is too upset to think clearly, so he needs to settle down.
他过于心烦意乱，无法清晰思考，因此需要冷静下来。
If we can't agree, we'll have to go to court to settle our differences.
如果我们无法达成一致，就不得不通过法庭来解决分歧。
With the development of agriculture humans could settle down and form permanent communities.
They refuse to negotiate, so I'm afraid the only way to settle the dispute will be through war.
Solve: to figure out or find the answer or solution to a problem.
解决：指找出问题的答案或解决方法。
The problem is difficult, so we need to find a way to solve it.
这个问题很棘手，我们需要找到解决它的方法。
We can't solve that problem without using a computer.
不使用计算机，我们无法解决那个问题。
He is very good at solving difficult problems, even under pressure.
Once they solved the problem, they realized that there were several solutions to choose from.
Prove: to use evidence or logic to support an idea.
证明：指用证据或逻辑来支持某个观点。
The police had to release him because they couldn't prove that he committed the crime.
警方不得不释放他，因为他们无法证明他犯了罪。
The best way to prove that something can be done is to do it.
证明某件事可以做到的最好方法就是亲自去做。
We can't prove that he was there unless we can find more evidence.
To preserve or keep things as they are...To maintain.
What's a synonym for confuse ?----Disrupt.
To calm things down or end a conflict or disagreement .
If you want to show something is true, you need to ----prove it .
Smartphones have disrupted the way we live our lives.
The problem is difficult so we need to find a way to solve it .
The best way to prove that something can be done is to do it.
If we can't agree, we'll have to go to court to settle our differences.
They couldn't solve the problem until they could clearly define it .
The best way to prove that something can be done is to do it.
L5-U3-P2-4 Vocabulary : Verbs About Information关于信息的动词
Exchange: to swap or change one thing for another.
交换：指用一物换取另一物。
When we buy something, we exchange money for the product.
当我们购物时，是用金钱交换商品。
In the human body, oxygen is exchanged for CO2 in the lungs.
在人体内，肺部进行氧气与二氧化碳的交换。
When they exchanged smiles, I knew we were close to an agreement.
In a meeting two people may exchange looks by nodding heads or showing emotions.
Cooperate: to work together or collaborate.
合作：指共同工作或协作。
Instead of competing with each other, we should cooperate.
与其相互竞争，我们更应该合作。
A good manager can get people to cooperate, even if they are on different teams.
优秀的管理者能让不同团队的人员实现合作。
He wants to do things his own way and refuses to cooperate, so we should get rid of him.
We need him to cooperate instead of refusing to work with us.
Capture: to catch and hold something; the opposite of release.
捕获：指抓住并控制某物；与“释放”相反。
The prisoners escaped, but they were captured within a few days.
囚犯们逃跑了，但几天内就被抓了回来。
In war, armies try to capture territory and defeat their enemies on the battlefield.
战争中，军队试图占领领土并在战场上击败敌人。
After only a short conversation ,she had captured his imagination and he was hopelessly din love .
If you are captured by the enemy, you probably won't survive.
To distribute or share: to pass around or give to others unselfishly.
分发或分享：指无私地将物品传递或给予他人。
One reason that company is successful is that it has a profit sharing plan.
该公司成功的原因之一是其设有利润分享计划。
After the earthquake the army came and distributed food and water to the survivors.
地震后军队前来向幸存者分发食物和水。
Nobody wanted to share their supplies, so people started fighting.
After the earthquake it was important for people to share their food and water to supplies with the others.
Eliminate: to get rid of or dispose of.
消除/淘汰：指去除或处理掉。
Waste products must be eliminated from our bodies, or we will die.
废物必须从我们体内排出，否则我们将死亡。
Teams were eliminated from the competition when they lost too many games.
当队伍输掉太多场比赛时，他们就被淘汰出局了。
One way to eliminate corruption is to punish those people who are corrupt.
To work together or collaborate.
To catch and hold something the opposite of release.---capture
To pass around or give to others unselfishly .
In order to succeed, serious problems had to be.---eliminated.
In the human body, oxygen is exchanged for CO2 in the lungs.
In war, armies try to capture territory and defeat their enemies on the battlefield.
Teams were eliminated from the competition when they lost too many games.
The prisoners escaped, but they were captured within a few days.
One reason that company is successful is that it has a profit sharing plan .
After the earthquake, the army came and distributed food and water to the survivors.
L5-U3-P2-5 Dialogue : Appearance and Career 外貌与职业生涯
M: How was the job interview?
男：工作面试怎么样？
W: She did well but she is so unattractive. I don't think we should hire her, certainly not for a sales position.
女：她表现不错，但长相实在缺乏吸引力。我认为不该录用她，尤其不适合销售岗位。
M: Do you really think so? That seems so unfair. Why should looks have anything to do with it?
男：你真这么想？这太不公平了。外貌和这工作有什么关系？
W: It's just a basic fact of life. Tall, beautiful people have an advantage.
女：这不过是生活的基本事实。高挑漂亮的人就是有优势。
M: Maybe so, but we don't have to support that way of thinking.
男：或许如此，但我们没必要助长这种思维方式。
W: Look, we have a business to run. You want me to increase sales, right?
女：听着，我们得经营企业。你是希望我提升销售额吧？
What was the only reason given for not hiring the woman who is in the interview? -She did well except for her looks.
Maybe so, but we don't have to support that way of thinking.
M: Have you ever heard of Jack Ma?
男：你听说过马云吗？
W: Sure, he is the founder of a huge company in China. I believe he is one of the richest people in the world.
女：当然，他是中国一家巨型公司的创始人。我相信他是世界首富之一。
M: He's not good looking at all, but look how successful he is.
男：他其貌不扬，但看看他有多成功。
W: Yes, but he is an exception.
女：是的，但他是个例外。
M: He faced all kinds of prejudice, but he overcame it. I really admire him.
男：他面对各种偏见，却战胜了它们。我真的很钦佩他。
In what ways Jack Ma is an exception? -He succeeded in spite of the obstacles against him.
Why should looks have anything to do with it?
I believe he is one of the richest people in the world.
Yes, but he is an exception.
M: Perhaps having to overcome obstacles like that made him stronger. Maybe he wouldn't have been so successful if he were good looking. Have you thought of that?
男：或许正是克服这类障碍让他变得更强大。如果相貌出众，他可能反而不会如此成功。你想过这点吗？
W: That may have been a factor, sure. But what about advertising? Look at all the money companies pay for models in advertising.
女：这确实可能是一个因素。但广告呢？看看企业花多少钱请模特拍广告。
M: You mean the use of beautiful or strange-looking people?
男：你是指用俊男美女或相貌奇特的人？
W: Exactly, it's all around us because it works. People notice it.
女：没错，这种做法无处不在，因为它有效。人们会注意到。
M: As far as I'm concerned, it's just a way of fooling people into buying things that they may not need. It's all based on appearance, and I don't like it.
男：在我看来，这只是愚弄人们购买可能不需要的东西的手段。一切都基于外表，我不喜欢这样。
What might have made him stronger? -The fact that he wasn't good looking.
According to him, what do many advertisements try to do? - fool people into buying things that they don't need .
W: I don't disagree with you. But people don't buy something because it's good or bad. They buy something because it makes them feel good. Their decisions are based on emotion, not reason.
女：我不反对你的说法。但人们购物并非因为东西好坏，而是因为它让人感觉良好。他们的决定基于情感而非理性。
M: Is that why you buy things?
男：这就是你购物的原因吗？
W: Well, it depends on the product, but yes, I guess I do. What about you?
女：嗯，要看具体商品，但我想是的。你呢？
M: I try to find out about a product before I buy it. But in some cases I'm no different from other people. I'm attracted to advertisements that get my attention.
男：我尽量在购买前了解产品。但某些时候我和其他人没什么不同——我会被吸引注意力的广告所打动。
W: That's my point. We want our salespeople to attract attention, and make people feel good.
女：这正是我的观点。我们希望销售员能吸引注意，并让人们感觉良好。
According to her, how do people decide to buy things? -Their decisions are based on emotion more than facts.
Perhaps having to overcome obstacles like that made him stronger.
You mean the use of beautiful or strange-looking people?
But people don't buy something because it's good or bad.
M: OK, but I'd like our company to do better. Let's be creative and do something better.
男：好吧，但我希望公司能做得更好。让我们发挥创意，做出些更出色的改变。
W: I hear you, but I think you're being naive.
女：我明白你的意思，但我觉得你太天真了。
M: If you think that woman was good, then let's give her a chance.
男：如果你认为那位女士优秀，那就给她一个机会吧。
W: OK, I'll give her a chance, and I respect, but completely disagree with your decision.
女：好吧，我会给她机会，我尊重你的决定，但完全不同意。
M: I know, and I thank you for your honest opinion.
男：我知道，谢谢你坦诚相告。
Why does she think he has been naive? -his decision is unrealistic
Why does she respect but disagree with his decision? -She respects what he's trying to do, but she doesn't think it will succeed.
She disagrees with his decision to hire the woman.
She thinks his decision to hire the woman isn't realistic and goes against experience.
