剑桥雅思 20（Cambridge IELTS 20）— Test 1 阅读词汇 · 同义替换整理
说明：以下整理覆盖 Test 1 三篇 Passage，聚焦雅思阅读真正的考查核心——同一含义的不同表达（同义替换），按 形容词 / 动词 / 名词 三大词性分类，每个词条标注原词在文中的含义及常见同义替换词。
Passage 1 — The Kākāpō
（新西兰鸮鹦鹉·濒危物种保护）
一、形容词 Adjectives
1 nocturnal 夜行性的，夜间活动的
active at night / night-time /
active in darkness
2 flightless 不会飞的
non-flying / grounded / wing-incapable
3 critically endangered 极度濒危的
on the brink of extinction / facing extinction / at risk of dying out
4 solitary 独居的，独自生活的
lone / living alone / unsocial
5 vegetarian 草食/植食性的
herbivorous / plant-eating
6 plentiful 充足的，丰富的
abundant / ample / in sufficient supply
7 vulnerable (to predators) 易受伤害，脆弱的
exposed / at risk / defenceless / susceptible
8 confined (to…) 被局限在…的
restricted to / limited to
9 accelerated 加速的
sped up / rapid / hastened
10 predator-free 无捕食者的
safe from predators / invasive-species-free
11 insufficient 不足的，不够的
inadequate / not enough / lacking
12 cautious optimism 谨慎乐观的
tempered hope / guarded confidence
二、动词 Verbs & 动词短语
1 forage 觅食
search for food / feed / scavenge
2 breed 繁殖
reproduce / mate / propagate
3 incubate 孵卵
hatch (eggs) / keep warm until hatching
4 prey on 捕食；侵害
hunt / feed on / attack / victimise
5 deplete 耗尽，消耗
use up / drain / exhaust / reduce
6 relocate 迁移，重新安置
move / transfer / evacuate / shift
7 cling to life 苟延残喘，勉强存活
barely survive / hang on / persist
8 offset 抵消，弥补
compensate for / counterbalance /
make up for
9 eradicate 根除，消灭
eliminate / wipe out / remove completely
10 minimise 最小化，减少至最低
reduce to the lowest level /
keep to a minimum
三、名词 Nouns
1 home range （动物活动）家域， 栖息地范围
territory / habitat range / living area
2 habitat 栖息地
natural environment / dwelling place /
ecosystem
3 predator 捕食者
hunter / natural enemy
4 prey 猎物
quarry / target / victim
5 conservationist 自然保护主义者
environmentalist / wildlife protector
6 sanctuary 保护区，避难所
reserve / refuge / safe haven
7 genetic diversity 遗传多样性
gene pool variety / genetic variation
8 mortality 死亡数；死亡率
death rate / loss of life
9 lifespan 寿命
life expectancy / lifetime
10 stakeholder 利益相关方
interested party / those involved
Passage 2 — Return of the Elm
（榆树回归·植物病害与生态恢复）
一、形容词 Adjectives
1 dominant 占主导地位的，突出的
prevailing / prominent / commanding
2 deadly / virulent 致命的 / 毒性极强的
lethal / fatal / highly pathogenic
3 intact 完好无损的
undamaged / whole / unbroken
4 widespread 广泛分布的
extensive / prevalent / across a wide area
5 precarious 岌岌可危的，不稳定的
unstable / risky / insecure / on a knife-edge
6 ingrained (in culture) 根深蒂固（于文化中）
deeply rooted / embedded /
firmly established
7 resistant / tolerant 有抵抗力 / 有耐受性的
immune / impervious / able to withstand
8 susceptible 易受感染的，脆弱的
vulnerable / prone (to) / at risk
9 hybrid 杂交的
crossbred / mixed-breed
10 hardwood 硬木（的）
deciduous timber / dense wood
二、动词 Verbs & 动词短语
1 account for (90%) 占（比例）
make up / constitute / represent
2 die down 逐渐平息，减弱
subside / fade / diminish
3 trigger 触发，引发
set off / spark / cause / initiate
4 take hold 扎根，蔓延开来
become established / spread / gain a foothold
5 succumb (to disease) 死于（病），屈服于
die from / fall victim to / be overcome by
6 derive from 源自，来源于
originate from / come from / stem from
7 withstand 抵挡，经受住
resist / endure / stand up to
8 reintroduce 重新引入
bring back / restore / replant
9 host (wildlife) 栖息/供养（野生生物）
support / sustain / provide a home for
三、名词 Nouns
1 epidemic （病害的）流行，疫情
outbreak / spread / wave (of disease)
2 fungus 真菌
fungal organism / mould
3 vascular system 维管系统
transport system /
circulatory system (of plants)
4 hedgerow 树篱
boundary hedge / bush row
5 specimen 个体（树/标本）
individual (plant) / example / sample
6 prospect 前景，可能性
chance / likelihood / outlook
7 pathogen 病原体
disease-causing agent / infectious organism
8 symptom 症状
sign (of disease) / indication / manifestation
9 aftermath 后果；（灾难后的）余波
consequence / wake / fallout
Passage 3 —
How Stress Affects Our Judgement（压力如何影响判断·心理/神经科学）
一、形容词 Adjectives
1 stressful 充满压力的
pressurised / taxing / demanding / tense
2 hectic 忙乱的，紧张激烈的
chaotic / frenetic / frantic / very busy
3 life-threatening 危及生命的
dangerous / perilous / critical
4 unexpected 意料之外的
unforeseen / surprising / unpredicted
5 alarming 令人担忧的，骇人的
worrying / disturbing / frightening
6 hyper-vigilant 过度警觉的
excessively alert / on edge / ultra-aware
7 prehistoric 史前的
ancient / primitive / from early human history
8 justified 合理的，有正当理由的
warranted / reasonable / legitimate
9 adverse 不利的，有害的
negative / harmful / unfavourable
10 collective 集体的，共同的
shared / communal / group-wide
二、动词 Verbs & 动词短语
1 weigh up (information) 权衡，斟酌
evaluate / assess / consider / analyse
2 trigger (a stress reaction) 触发（压力反应）
activate / set off / spark / initiate
3 estimate (likelihood) 估计（可能性）
gauge / assess / calculate / approximate
4 ignore / embrace (news) 忽视 / 欣然接受
dismiss / overlook accept / welcome / take on board
5 alter (beliefs) 改变（信念）
change / modify / adjust / revise
6 spike (levels) 激增，骤升
surge / shoot up / rise sharply / jump
7 exaggerate (danger) 夸大
overstate / amplify / inflate / magnify
8 equip (sb with…) 赋予，装备
provide / furnish / arm (with)
9 tackle (demanding emails) 处理，应对
deal with / handle / address
10 spread (from one to the next) 传播，扩散
transmit / propagate / pass on / circulate
三、名词 Nouns
1 judgement / judgment 判断（力）
decision-making / assessment / evaluation
2 circumstances 境况，环境
conditions / situations / context
3 neuroscientist 神经科学家
brain researcher
4 perceived threat 感知到的威胁
sensed danger / felt risk / subjective fear
5 cortisol 皮质醇（压力荷尔蒙）
stress hormone
6 physiological change 生理变化
bodily response / biological reaction
7 brain imaging 脑成像
neural scanning / MRI-style observation
8 hazard 危险，危害
danger / risk / peril / threat
9 collective fear 集体恐慌
mass anxiety / shared alarm /
widespread dread
10 financial crash 金融危机/崩盘
economic collapse / market meltdown
三篇文章交叉高频「替换核心词」
以下这些词在剑20乃至整个雅思阅读中反复作为替换锚点出现，务必熟记：
引发/触发 trigger → set off → spark → activate → initiate
增加/上升 increase → rise → surge → spike → grow → accelerate
减少/下降 decrease → decline → drop → dwindle → die down → subside
危险/威胁 threat → hazard → risk → danger → peril
脆弱/易受伤害 vulnerable → susceptible → exposed → at risk → defenceless
充足/缺乏 plentiful/abundant → sufficient insufficient/inadequate → scarce
广泛/局限 widespread → extensive confined/restricted → limited
改变 alter → modify → change → adjust → revise → shift
阻止/根除 eradicate → eliminate → wipe out protect → conserve → preserve
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