2020.12.24 # 日更 # day15/2555
查理.芒格是爱智求真者的偶像;而查理.芒格的偶像是本杰明.富兰克林。100美元上的头像就是富兰克林。
富兰克林出身贫寒,在青年时代,为了磨练自己的品德,富兰克林制定了13条必须拥有的美德。这就是所谓的13 point plan for honest living。就像儒家强调先修身,再齐家、治国、平天下。
为了培养这13个美德,富兰克林用小本子记录和检查自己每日在13个美德上的得失,每周重点培养一个美德,如此循环往复,日臻完善。
这就像曾国藩的日记,或者程朱理学家们逐日检查自己行为以自勉自省的功过格或者《当和尚遇到钻石》中的六时书。
富兰克林的非凡成就得益于他的自律和对于美德的不懈追求。富兰克林的13条美德包括:
1. TEMPERANCE. Eat not to dullness; drink not to elevation. 节制:食不过饱,酒不过量。
2. SILENCE. Speak not but what may benefit others or youself; avoid trifling conversation. 沉默寡言:只讲对人对己有益之言,避免无聊琐碎的谈话。
3. ORDER.Let all your things have their places;let each part of your business have its time. 秩序:拥有的每件东西都各有其位,让要做的每件事情都各有其时。
4. RESOLUTION. Resolve to perform what you ought; perform without fail what you resolve. 坚毅:决定做你该做的事;做好你决定做的事。
5. FRUGALITY. Make no expense but todo good to others or yourself; i.e., waste nothing. 节俭:将钱用在于人于己有益的事情上,杜绝浪费。
6. INDUSTRY. Lose no time; be always employ'd in something useful; cut off all unneccessary actions. 勤奋:勿浪费时间,每时每刻做有用的事情,戒除一切不必要的行为。
7. SINCERITY. Use no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly, and, if you speak, speak accordingly. 真诚:不采用任何有害的欺诈行为,想问题和说话都要公平公正。
8. JUSTICE. Wrong none by doing injuries, or omitting the benefits that are your duty. 正直:不做不利他人之事,切勿忘记履行对人有益的义务.
9. MODERATION. Avoid extreams; forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve. 中庸:避免极端,受到应有的处罚,应当加以容忍
10.CLEANLINESS. Tolerate no uncleanliness in body, cloaths, or habitation. 清洁:决不允许身体、服装和居所不洁。
11.TRANQUILLITY. Be not disturbed at trifles, or at accidents common or unavoidable. 宁静:不为琐碎之事,寻常之事,和不可避免之事而烦恼。
12.CHASTITY. Rarely use venery but for health or offspring, never to dulness, weakness, or the injury of your own or another's peace or reputation. 贞洁。除非为了健康和后嗣不行房事;行房事的时候,不要做到无味、衰弱或者损害你的或别人的安宁或名誉。
13.HUMILITY. Imitate Jesus and Socrates. 谦卑:以耶稣和苏格拉底为楷模。
富兰克林的13条美德值得学习,他培养美德的刻意练习的方法更值得学习。