Ⅰ.  adequate  英['ædɪkwət]  美[ˈædɪkwət]

(v)     adequately(adv)       adequacy  (n[U])

1.enough in quantity or of a good enough quality for a particular purpose足够的，充分的；合乎需要的

[+ for]    适用于，充足的，足够的

•Are the parking facilities adequate for 50 cars? 停车设施是否够50辆车停放？

adequate to do sth 恰当，适当，足够

•The lunchtime menu is more than adequate to satisfy the biggest appetite. 中午的菜给胃口最大的人吃都绰绰有余。

2.fairly good but not excellent  尚可的，过得去的

•Her performance was adequate but lacked originality. 她的表演还过得去，但缺乏独创性。

Ⅱ. confession  英[kən'feʃ(ə)n]  美[kən'fɛʃən]

  confess（v）confess--confessed--confessed  confess to doing承认 

confessed（adj）坦白的，认罪的；众所公认的，不容怀疑的；公开的，众所周知的

(n)

1.[C]a statement that you have done something wrong, illegal, or embarras-sing, especially a formal statement

供词，供认，招供

•Sanchez’s confession was read out to the court. 桑切斯的供词在法庭上宣读了出来。

[+ of]   承认，招供  •a confession of adultery 承认通奸

2.[C,U]when you tell a priest or God about the bad things that you have done〔对神父或上帝作的〕忏悔，告解

•You must go to confession. 你必须去忏悔。

3.[C]for mala statement of what your religious beliefs are（宗教）信仰声明

[+ of] •a confession of faith信仰声明

Ⅲ. compare  英[kəm'peə] 美[kəm'pɛr]

(v) compare--compared--compared          compared(adj)   比较的，对照的

1.[T]to consider two or more things or people, in order to show how they are similar or different比较；对比

compare sth/sb with sth/sb

•The police compared the suspect’s fingerprints with those found at the crime scene. 警方把疑犯的指纹和在犯罪现场发现的指纹作了对比。

compare sth/sb to sth/sb 把....比作

•Davies’ style of writing has been compared to Dickens’. 戴维斯在写作风格上被比作狄更斯

2.compared to/with sth

used when considering the size, quality, or amount of something in relation to something similar

〔尺寸、质量或数量〕与…相比

•Compared to our small flat, Bill’s house seemed like a palace. 和我们的小公寓相比，比尔的房子就像是宫殿。

3.[I]to be better or worse than something else比…好[差]

•The imported fabric is 30% cheaper and compares favourably (=is as good) in quality. 进口织物价格要便宜30%，质量也更好。

compare (favourably/unfavourably) with sth比…毫不逊色，比得上/比...逊色，比不上

•The quality of English wines can now compare with wines from Germany. 现在英国葡萄酒的质量可以和德国的葡萄酒相媲美。

THESAURUS 词语辨析

1.compare比较,对比

to consider two or more things or people, in order to show how they are similar or different

•Scientists compared the results of both experiments. 科学家把两次实验的结果进行了比较。

2. make/draw a comparison between 进行比较

to compare two or more things or people and say how they are similar

•In her article, she makes a comparison between people’s lives now and 50 years ago. 她在文章中把现在的生活和50年前的生活进行了比较。

3. draw an analogy作类比〔相当正式的用法〕

to say that two situations are similar – a rather formal use

•Some people have attempted to draw an analogy between America’s invasion of Iraq and the war in Vietnam. 有些人试图以越南战争美化美国对伊拉克的入侵。

（n） beyond/without compare

literarya quality that is beyond compare is the best of its kind

无可比拟，无与伦比

•a beauty and an elegance beyond compare 无与伦比的美丽与优雅

Ⅳ. impose 英[ɪm'pəʊz]  美[ɪm'poz]

(v)    impose-- imposed--imposed    imposed(adj.)强加的；施加的；应用的

1.[T]if someone in authority imposes a rule, punishment, tax etc, they force people to accept it

强制推行；强制实行

•The court can impose a fine. 法庭可以强制执行罚款。

impose sth on sth/sb   把...强加于，施加，利用

•The government imposed a ban on the sale of ivory. 政府禁止出售象牙。

2. [T]to force someone to have the same ideas, beliefs etc as you将〔想法、信仰等〕强加于〔某人〕

impose sth on sb

•parents who impose their own moral values on their children 把自己的道德观强加给孩子的父母

3. [I]formal to expect or ask someone to do something for you when this is not convenient for them打扰，麻烦

impose on/upon sb 给某人添麻烦

•We could ask to stay the night, but I don’t want to impose on them. 我们可以要求留下来过夜，但我不想给他们添麻烦。

4. [T]to have a bad effect on something or someone and to cause problems for them

对…造成不利影响；给…造成困难

impose a burden/hardship etc (on sb/sth)

Ⅴ. precarious  英[prɪ'keərɪəs]  美[prɪ'kɛrərɪəs]

 precariously(adv)   precariousness(n[U])

(adj)1.a precarious situation or state is one which may very easily or quickly become worse

〔局势或状态〕不稳定的，不安全的，危险的

•Her health remained precarious, despite the treatment. 她尽管接受了治疗，但健康状况还是不稳定。

2.likely to fall, or likely to cause someone to fall可能倒的，不稳的，不牢靠的

•a precarious mountain trail 危险的山间小路

Ⅵ.reflect   英[rɪ'flekt]  美[rɪ'flɛkt]

(v)  reflect--reflectedt--reflected

1.[T usually passive,一般用被动态]if a person or a thing is reflected in a mirror, glass, or water, you can see an image of the person or thing on the surface of the mirror, glass, or water反映，照出〔影像〕

be reflected in sth

•She could see her face reflected in the car’s windshield. 她看到自己的脸映照在汽车的挡风玻璃上。

2.[T not usually in progressive,一般不用进行式]to show or be a sign of a particular situation or feeling

显示；反映

•The drop in consumer spending reflects concern about the economy. 消费支出的下降反映出人们对经济的担忧。

be reflected in sth 反映在;倒映在;在…有…的反映

•The increasing racial diversity of the US is reflected in the latest census statistics. 美国社会种族越来越多元化的现象反映在最新的人口统计数据中。

reflect who/what/how etc  反映.....

•How much you’re paid reflects how important you are to the company you work for. 你报酬的高低反映你在所供职的公司里的重要性。

3.①[T]if a surface reflects light, heat, or sound, it sends back the light etc that reaches it 反射〔光、热或声音〕

•Wear something white – it reflects the heat. 穿件白色的衣服——它能反射热。

②[I always + adv/prep]if light, heat, or sound reflects off something it reaches, it comes back from it 〔光、热或声音从某处〕反射

4.[I,T]to think carefully about something, or to say something that you have been thinking about

仔细思考；表达（意见）

[+ on] 仔细考虑,思考;反省;回想,回顾

•He had time to reflect on his successes and failures. 他有时间反思他的成功和失败。

reflect that

•Moe reflected that he had never seen Sherry so happy. 莫说他从未见过谢里这么高兴。

注：reflect on/uponsb/sthphr v

to influence people’s opinion of someone or something, especially in a bad way

给…带来影响〔尤指坏影响〕

•If my children are rude, that reflects on me as a parent. 假如我的孩子没有礼貌，那会使我这个做家长的丢脸。

Ⅶ.  refined  英[rɪ'faɪnd]  美[rɪ'faɪnd]

refine（v） refine--refined--refined  现在分词refining  refinement(n)n. 精制；文雅；[化工][油气][冶] 提纯
refinery(n)n. 精炼厂；提炼厂；冶炼厂

(adj)

1.[usually before noun,一般用于名词前]a substance that is refined has been made pure by an industrial process

精炼的；精制的

refined sugar/oil/petroleum精制糖/精炼油/精炼石油

2.someone who is refined is polite and seems to be well-educated or to belong to a high social class – sometimes used humorously优雅的，有教养的〔有时为幽默用法〕

•a refined way of speaking 优雅的谈吐

3.a method or process that is refined has been improved to make it more effective〔方法或程序〕精妙的；完善的

•Laser surgery has become much more refined over the last decade. 在过去十年间，激光手术已日臻完善。