阅读理解是检验学生综合语言运用能力的一个重要方面，在英语中考中是一道高分值题。因此阅读理解能否得高分，是英语成绩好坏的关键。然而，纵观现在我们的老师和学生，在复习中总认为要提高阅读理解能力只要多做多练阅读理解题就行了，而忽视了相关的阅读方法及阅读中的一些解题技巧和注意事项，也忽略了最为重要的反思和总结这道程序，以至于造成学生在做某些阅读理解题目的时候感觉摸不到头脑，成绩飘忽不定，阅读理解也就自然而然成了学生难跨的一道卡。

那么，针对不同的题目该怎样做呢？

1、细节题。在阅读理解题中，大部分题目属于细节题，旨在考查考生对阅读材料中某个具体事实或某个具体情节，或某个特定细节是否理解，这些题目有两个共同特点：（1）凡属针对特定细节的考题，其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语，也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子，但句式、用词和表达方式不同。(2)干扰项往往是主体思想与细节混杂，正确答案的细节和非正确答案的细节混杂，甚至真假混杂。例如：

I never wanted a dog, but now I'm so glad I have one....then,(1)about six months after she arrived, I felt that something in my heart was taking place,and I was unable to stop it. My behavior began to change. (2) I began to smile at people when passing them in a street. (3)I returned(招手)from neighbors.(4)I started calling my kids and, to my surprise, they started calling me. (5)I even tried to speak to my grandchildren over the phone once. I even was glad to listen to the laughter from a 10-month-old granddaughter. The point is that I was changing···

60. When did the man's behaviour begin to change?
A. About two years ago.
B. When the dog was nearly two years old.
C. When the dog was 15 years old.
D. About six months after the dog arrived.

答案：D(直接找到原句(1))

61. Which of the following is not mentioned about the man's change?
A.He began to smile at people.
B. He liked helping his neighbours.
C. He started calling his kids.
D. He spoke to his grandchildren over the phone.

答案：B (根据原句(2)、(3)、(4)不难选出B为正确答案)

2.词汇句意题。考查内容多为名词、动词、词组甚至句子。英语中很多单词和词组在不同的语言环境中有着不同的内涵。例如…sports bring people together, but they divide them too. Fans of different teams fight all the time—they shout and hit each other. And here's another example: my brother plays high school baseball. Last week, his team played an important game. At the game, two parents fought about a call. Come on... Baseball is only a game! Sports are so competitive(有竞争力的) these days.It's all about winning. Then the game isn't fun.

75. What does the underlined word“call”mean?
A. Decision. B. Telephone.            C. Suggestion. D. Seat.

根据上下文，我们首先可以排除B、C，那么two parents 为 a seat而争斗，显然也不合乎情理，因此，确定A为正确选项。指导学生做这类题时，我们可以根据文章上下文、文化背景、作者意图等线索分析语境，猜出词义；也可以通过词缀、合成等构词法去猜测词义，如前缀“un-/im/in-”含“否定”之意，后缀“-er”表“从事……的人”等；还可以分析其词性，利用语法、句法规则推断该词是名词、动词、形容词或其他词类以及在句中起什么作用，从而猜出词义。

3.推断题。推断性考题旨在考查学生透过表面的文字信息，对某些深层次情节经过分析、综合、归纳，做出合乎逻辑的推理。这类题的答案通常不在文章中明确表现出来，要求考生在全面理解文章的基础上，推断文章的潜在含义，找出结论。如：

According to the passage, which of the following can you most possibly watch on TV?
A.You often play football with your friends after school.
B. Your teacher has got a cold.
C. A tiger in the city zoo has run out and hasn't been caught.
D. The bike in front of your house is lost.

…secondly,a news story has to be interesting and unusual. People don't want to read stories about everyday life. As a result, many stories are about some kind of danger and seem to be “bad”news.有这样一段文字：根据这段文字，我们可以推断：电视报道的新闻故事是有趣的和不平常的。因此，正确答案应为C。指导学生做这类题时，学生要善于从文章表面所表达的信息或根据文章提供的事实和线索，进行逻辑推理，切忌脱离短文内容；还要能够透过文章的字面意思把握作者的真实的思想，推断出没有直接表达出来的信息、隐含意义或深层结论。

4.主旨题。即考查考生对文章的主题、标题、中心思想的理解程度及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。主题思想是文章的核心。能否抓住文章的主题思想，是考查考生阅读能力的重要体现。这类题目一般为：What's the main idea of this passage?或Which is the best title of this passage?等。要准确地抓住文章的主题思想，就要十分留意文章的主题句。有的文章一开始就亮出主题，全文随着主题而展开。如：All living things on the earth need other living things to live. Nothing lives alone. Most animals must live in a group, and even a plant grows close together with others of the same kind. Sometimes one living thing kills another, one eats and the other is eaten. Each kind of life eats another kind of life in order to live, and together they form a food chain(食物链).Some food chains become broken up if one of the links disappears.第一句即是主题句。这个句子概括了本段的中心思想，“地球上所有的生物要生存都离不开其他的生物”。其他事实都是围绕第一个句子展开的。有的文章则需要学生善于抓在文中具有概括性的信息，从上下文连贯的意思来理解全文，看作者主要谈的是什么，透过文字叙述的过程来归纳主题，再从选择项中找出最符合表达主题思想的选项。有些干扰项，从局部看也许不算错，但从全局看却又片面。这类干扰项与正确答案之差，其实是局部与全局之差。因此学生在做题时不要被局部现象迷惑，而忽略了文章的整体思想。