• 镜像(image)：docker镜像好比一个模板，可以通过这个模板来创建容器(container)，一个镜像可以创建多个容器，类似Python中的Class

• 容器(container)：类似Python中通过Class创建的实例，Object；容器可以理解为一个简易的系统

• 仓库(repository)：存放镜像的地方，分为共有仓库和私有仓库

  • Docker Hub：国外的

  • 阿里云：配置镜像加速

卸载旧的版本

 卸载旧的版本
#  yum remove docker \
              docker-client \
              docker-client-latest \
              docker-common \
              docker-latest \
              docker-latest-logrotate \
              docker-logrotate \
              docker-engine

安装基本环境

 安装基本的安装包
#  yum install -y yum-utils

设置镜像的仓库

#  yum-config-manager \
    --add-repo \
    https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo # 默认是国外的
#  yum-config-manager \
    --add-repo \
    https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo # 阿里云镜像

更像软件包索引

# yum makecache fast

安装docker引擎

# yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io # docker-ce 社区版 ee 企业版

启动Docker

# systemctl start docker # 代表启动成功

# docker version

Client: Docker Engine - Community
 Version:           19.03.11
 API version:       1.40
 Go version:        go1.13.10
 Git commit:        42e35e61f3
 Built:             Mon Jun  1 09:13:48 2020
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Experimental:      false

Server: Docker Engine - Community
 Engine:
  Version:          19.03.11
  API version:      1.40 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:       go1.13.10
  Git commit:       42e35e61f3
  Built:            Mon Jun  1 09:12:26 2020
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false
 containerd:
  Version:          1.2.13
  GitCommit:        7ad184331fa3e55e52b890ea95e65ba581ae3429
 runc:
  Version:          1.0.0-rc10
  GitCommit:        dc9208a3303feef5b3839f4323d9beb36df0a9dd
 docker-init:
  Version:          0.18.0
  GitCommit:        fec3683

# docker run hello-world

查看下载的镜像

# docker images

卸载Docker

# 卸载依赖
yum remove docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
# 删除资源
rm -rf /var/lib/docker # docker 的默认工作路径

重启Docker

# sudo systemctl daemon-reload # 重启服务
# sudo systemctl restart docker # 重启docker

Docker命令

帮助命令

# docker version # 显示docker的基本信息
# docker info # 系统信息，镜像和容器的数量
# docker 命令 --help # 全部信息

官网文档

镜像命令

docker images

查看所有本地主机上的镜像

# docker images
REPOSITORY                           TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
nginx                                latest              f6987c8d6ed5        8 weeks ago         141MB

REPOSITORY : 镜像仓库源
TAG : 镜像的标签
IMAGE ID :镜像的ID
CREATED : 镜像的创建时间
SIZE : 镜像的大小

参数

--all , -a      Show all images (default hides intermediate images) # 显示所有
--digests       Show digests
--filter , -f       Filter output based on conditions provided
--format        Pretty-print images using a Go template
--no-trunc      Don’t truncate output
--quiet , -q        Only show numeric IDs # 只显示id

docker search

搜索仓库中的镜像，相当于网页搜索
网页搜索

# docker search mysql

# docker search --help

Options:
  -f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided
      --format string   Pretty-print search using a Go template
      --limit int       Max number of search results (default 25)
      --no-trunc        Don't truncate output

# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000 # 搜索出Stars大于3000的

docker pull

下载镜像

# docker pull mysql # 下载mysql镜像，default tag，默认最新版latest

# sudo systemctl daemon-reload
# sudo systemctl restart docker
# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest # 不写tag默认最新版
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
8559a31e96f4: Pull complete  # layer 分层下载，docker image的核心 联合文件系统
d51ce1c2e575: Pull complete 
c2344adc4858: Pull complete 
fcf3ceff18fc: Pull complete 
16da0c38dc5b: Pull complete 
b905d1797e97: Pull complete 
4b50d1c6b05c: Pull complete 
c75914a65ca2: Pull complete 
1ae8042bdd09: Pull complete 
453ac13c00a3: Pull complete 
9e680cd72f08: Pull complete 
a6b5dc864b6c: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:8b7b328a7ff6de46ef96bcf83af048cb00a1c86282bfca0cb119c84568b4caf6#签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest # 真实地址

-- 即
docker pull mysql
 等价于 ==>
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest

# docker pull mysql:5.7    # 指定版本下载 
联合文件系统是：以前下载的就不需要下载了

docker rmi

删除镜像

# 删除一个 可以通过名称 也可以指定id -f表示删除所有
docker rmi -f 9cfcce23593a
# 删除多个 用空格分隔id
docker rmi -f id id id
# 删除所有 
docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) # images -aq就是查所有镜像id，从而递归删除

容器命令

新建容器并启动

# docker run [可选参数] image

 参数说明
--name=“Name” # 容器名字，用于区分容器
-d 后台方式运行
-it 使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p 指定容器的端口 如-p 8080::8080
    -p ip:主机端口：容器端口
    -p 主机端口:容器端口
    -p 容器端口
    
-p 随机指定端口

进入退出容器

 进入容器
# docker run -it centos /bin/bash 

退出容器
# exit
# docker run -i -t tomcat /bin/bash
中的/bin/bash的作用是因为docker后台必须运行一个进程，否则容器就会退出，在这里表示启动容器后启动bash。

查看运行的容器

 查看正在运行的容器
# docker ps
 查看曾经运行的容器
# docker ps -a
 显示最近创建的容器，设置显示个数
# docker ps -a - n=? 
 只显示容器的编号
# docker ps -aq

# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES
9939864fa2e6        centos              "bin/bash"          4 minutes ago       Exited (0) 4 minutes ago                       unruffled_knuth
5f42e9930435        centos              "/bin/bash"         8 minutes ago       Exited (0) 4 minutes ago                       lucid_cannon
a89ddb393d3d        bf756fb1ae65        "/hello"            19 hours ago        Exited (0) 19 hours ago                        gracious_bhabha
# docker ps -a -n=2
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES
9939864fa2e6        centos              "bin/bash"          6 minutes ago       Exited (0) 6 minutes ago                       unruffled_knuth
5f42e9930435        centos              "/bin/bash"         10 minutes ago      Exited (0) 7 minutes ago 
# docker ps -aq
9939864fa2e6
5f42e9930435
a89ddb393d3d

退出容器

 容器停止退出
# exit
 容器不停止退出 注意必须在英文输入法下，中文输入法不行
# Ctrl + P + Q

# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@bfcea13c40cd /]# [root@192 ~]# docker ps ##注意这里会自动给个命令，删掉
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED              STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
bfcea13c40cd        centos              "/bin/bash"         About a minute ago   Up About a minute                       stoic_wilson
edbd9366d959        centos              "/bin/bash"         7 minutes ago        Up 7 minutes                            affectionate_bartik
# docker exec -it edbd9366d959 /bin/bash ## 再次进入
[root@edbd9366d959 /]# exit ##停止并推出
exit

删除容器

 删除指定容器 不能删除正在运行的容器，如果强制删除 rm -f
# docker rm 容器id
 删除所有容器
# docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)
 删除所有容器
# docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm

# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
bfcea13c40cd        centos              "/bin/bash"         29 minutes ago      Up 29 minutes                                   stoic_wilson
edbd9366d959        centos              "/bin/bash"         35 minutes ago      Up 35 minutes                                   affectionate_bartik
9939864fa2e6        centos              "bin/bash"          48 minutes ago      Exited (0) 48 minutes ago                       unruffled_knuth
5f42e9930435        centos              "/bin/bash"         52 minutes ago      Exited (0) 49 minutes ago                       lucid_cannon
a89ddb393d3d        bf756fb1ae65        "/hello"            20 hours ago        Exited (0) 20 hours ago                         gracious_bhabha
[root@192 ~]# docker rm 5f42e9930435
5f42e9930435
# docker rm edbd9366d959      # 注意正在运行的容器不能删除
Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container edbd9366d9596c744dd449119269b04de2f2a494e7fc471f6396bcefd94c33fe. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove

# docker ps -aq # 所有容器id
bfcea13c40cd
edbd9366d959
9939864fa2e6
a89ddb393d3d
# docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) # 全部删除
bfcea13c40cd
edbd9366d959
9939864fa2e6
a89ddb393d3d

启动和停止容器的操作

# docker start
# docker restart
# docker stop
# docker kill

# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@7b1a7dd10ea4 /]# exit
exit
# docker ps #查看正在运行的
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
# docker ps -a # 查看历史运行过的
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
7b1a7dd10ea4        centos              "/bin/bash"         54 seconds ago      Exited (0) 42 seconds ago                       fervent_mirzakhani
# docker start 7b1a7dd10ea4 # 启动当前这个容器 container id 粘过 来
7b1a7dd10ea4
# docker ps # 查看当前运行容器 发现启动成功
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
7b1a7dd10ea4        centos              "/bin/bash"         2 minutes ago       Up 28 seconds                           fervent_mirzakhani
# docker stop 7b1a7dd10ea4 # 停止运行
7b1a7dd10ea4
# docker ps # 再次查看 没有这个容器了
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES

常用其他命令

后台启动docker

# docker run -d 镜像名
 用docker ps 查看的时候 发现停止了
 后台运行，docker发现前台没有，容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，会立刻停止

Last login: Wed Jun 17 19:47:35 2020
# systemctl start docker # 关机后重启了，需要启动docker
# docker run -d centos # 运行
8ce188e5fee31c2fac93c0a405ee1a95c38dbc50cb47c35b19c0039c27558ded
# docker ps -a # 查看正在运行的
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
8ce188e5fee3        centos              "/bin/bash"         19 seconds ago      Exited (0) 18 seconds ago                       tender_dirac
7b1a7dd10ea4        centos              "/bin/bash"         8 hours ago         Exited (0) 8 hours ago                          fervent_mirzakhani

查看日志

# docker logs
# docker logs -tf --tail n 【id】

# docker logs --help

Usage:  docker logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINER

Fetch the logs of a container

Options:
      --details        Show extra details provided to logs
  -f, --follow         Follow log output
      --since string   Show logs since timestamp (e.g.
                       2013-01-02T13:23:37) or relative
                       (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)
      --tail string    Number of lines to show from the
                       end of the logs (default "all")
  -t, --timestamps     Show timestamps # 时间戳
      --until string   Show logs before a timestamp (e.g.
                       2013-01-02T13:23:37) or relative
                       (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)

 运行一个
# docker run -it centos /bin/bash

[root@c2887d35c71d /]# [root@192 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
c2887d35c71d        centos              "/bin/bash"         57 seconds ago      Up 56 seconds                           vigorous_kare

 查看日志，由于没有运行脚本，所以啥也没显示
# docker logs -f -t --tail 10 c2887d35c71d
^C # ctrl+c退出

 运行centos里面加个脚本
# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo hello-docker;sleep 1;done"
cb6d7fbc3f27a064137d58282de97b97365dea2705211ebfbad642079cc1b388

# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
cb6d7fbc3f27        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   7 seconds ago       Up 6 seconds                            dreamy_almeida
c2887d35c71d        centos              "/bin/bash"              3 minutes ago       Up 3 minutes                            vigorous_kare

 查看日志 发现隔一秒打印一条
# docker logs -f -t --tail 10 cb6d7fbc3f27
2022-02-15T12:02:11.293765084Z hello-docker
2022-02-15T12:02:12.297675608Z hello-docker
2022-02-15T12:02:13.301845582Z hello-docker
2022-02-15T12:02:14.304800996Z hello-docker

查看正在运行的容器信息

# docker inspect cb6d7fbc3f27
[
    {
        # 容器的完整id
        "Id": "cb6d7fbc3f27a064137d58282de97b97365dea2705211ebfbad642079cc1b388",
        
        # 创建时间
        "Created": "2022-02-15T12:00:50.706906186Z",
        
        # 脚本位置
        "Path": "/bin/sh",
        
        # 运行的脚本
        "Args": [
            "-c",
            "while true;do echo shenzai;sleep 1;done"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running", # 状态，正在运行
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 1909, # 父进程id
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2022-02-15T12:00:51.093617477Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        
        # 来源镜像
        "Image": "sha256:831691599b88ad6cc2a4abbd0e89661a121aff14cfa289ad840fd3946f274f1f",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/cb6d7fbc3f27a064137d58282de97b97365dea2705211ebfbad642079cc1b388/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/cb6d7fbc3f27a064137d58282de97b97365dea2705211ebfbad642079cc1b388/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/cb6d7fbc3f27a064137d58282de97b97365dea2705211ebfbad642079cc1b388/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/cb6d7fbc3f27a064137d58282de97b97365dea2705211ebfbad642079cc1b388/cb6d7fbc3f27a064137d58282de97b97365dea2705211ebfbad642079cc1b388-json.log",
        
        
        "Name": "/dreamy_almeida",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        
        # 主机配置
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "Capabilities": null,
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        
        # 其他配置
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3675586ebbd79cd72d2562a90c9380627a331c563724c0dac091f92600af4907-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7f79322e0f58d651a84a555dadd83d92537788172525945d3f538dd95dce336c/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3675586ebbd79cd72d2562a90c9380627a331c563724c0dac091f92600af4907/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3675586ebbd79cd72d2562a90c9380627a331c563724c0dac091f92600af4907/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3675586ebbd79cd72d2562a90c9380627a331c563724c0dac091f92600af4907/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        
        "Mounts": [], # 挂载
        
        # 基本配置
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "cb6d7fbc3f27",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ], # 基本环境变量，这里没有Java
            
            # 基本命令
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/sh",
                "-c",
                "while true;do echo shenzai;sleep 1;done"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20200611",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        
        # 网卡，比如现在用的是桥接的网卡
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "4d701985d7e77aa153790b697b2f38a61e20555c224b7675e4bf650b82799882",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/4d701985d7e7",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "8a6c71e2bafb19ca7dfd85445ccc4bef6d17467360a243d624089e676a24a018",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "22b0fd2290ccbc4e066a75d3f01bd8bf32ee4352c5bbcfc9f911287219219571",
                    "EndpointID": "8a6c71e2bafb19ca7dfd85445ccc4bef6d17467360a243d624089e676a24a018",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

 停止正在疯狂输出的那个容器
# docker stop cb6d7fbc3f27cb6d7fbc3f27

进入当前正在运行的容器

 我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的e
# docker exec -it 容器id bashSHELL

 测试
# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
c2887d35c71d        centos              "/bin/bash"         35 minutes ago      Up 35 minutes                           vigorous_kare
# docker exec -it c2887d35c71d /bin/bash
[root@c2887d35c71d /]# ls
bin  etc   lib    lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr
[root@c2887d35c71d /]# ps -ef
UID         PID   PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root          1      0  0 11:57 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root         14      0  0 12:32 pts/1    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root         28     14  0 12:32 pts/1    00:00:00 ps -ef
[root@c2887d35c71d /]# c2887d35c71d
[root@c2887d35c71d /]# exit
exit

 方式二
# docker attach c2887d35c71d
[root@c2887d35c71d /]# 

 区别
# docker exec # 进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作(常用)
# docker attach # 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程

从容器内拷贝文件到主机上

 运行
# docker run -it centos
 ctrl P Q 不关闭退出，查看
[root@0569081aa89c /]# [root@192 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
0569081aa89c        centos              "/bin/bash"         19 seconds ago      Up 19 seconds    
hopeful_chebyshev

# 查看主机home下无文件
[root@192 ~]# cd /home
[root@192 home]# ls

# 进入正在运行的容器
[root@192 home]# docker attach 0569081aa89c

# 进入容器home目录
[root@0569081aa89c /]# cd /home

# 在目录中创建java文件
[root@0569081aa89c home]# touch test.java

# 退出并停止容器
[root@0569081aa89c home]# exit
exit

# 查看现在运行的容器
[root@192 home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES

# 容器虽然被停止，但是数据都会保留
[root@192 home]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                         PORTS               NAMES
0569081aa89c        centos              "/bin/bash"              3 minutes ago       Exited (0) 8 seconds ago                           hopeful_chebyshev
f589e5684a01        centos              "/bin/bash"              44 minutes ago      Exited (0) 44 minutes ago                          cranky_easley
cb6d7fbc3f27        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   54 minutes ago      Exited (137) 42 minutes ago                        dreamy_almeida
c2887d35c71d        centos              "/bin/bash"              58 minutes ago      Exited (127) 16 minutes ago                        vigorous_kare
8ce188e5fee3        centos              "/bin/bash"              About an hour ago   Exited (0) About an hour ago                       tender_dirac
7b1a7dd10ea4        centos              "/bin/bash"              9 hours ago         Exited (0) 9 hours ago                             fervent_mirzakhani

# 容器数据拷贝到主机
[root@192 home]# docker cp 0569081aa89c:/home/test.java /home
[root@192 home]# ls
test.java

# 拷贝是一个手动过程，未来我们使用 -v 卷的技术，可以实现自动同步 /home /home

查看内容占用

# docker stats

总结

attach  #当前shell下attach连接指定运行镜像
build #通过Dockerfile定制镜像
commit   # 提交当前容器为新的镜像
cp  #从容器中拷贝指定文件或者目录到宿主机中       
create  #创建一个新的容器，同run，但不启动容器
diff  #查看docker容器变化
events  # 从docker服务获取容器实时时间
exec  # 在已存在的容器上运行命令
export  # 导出容器的内容流作为一个tar归档文件[对应import]
history   # 展示一个镜像形成历史
images    # 列出系统当前镜像
import    # 从tar包中的内容创建一个新的文件系统映像[对象export]
info   # 显示系统相关信息
inspect   # 查看容器详细信息
kill   # kill指定docker容器
load    # 从一个tar包中加载一个镜像[对应save]
login   # 注册或者登录一个docker源服务器
logout    # 从当前Dockers registry退出
logs    # 输出当前容器日志信息
pause    # 暂停容器
port   # 查看映射端口对应的容器内部源端口
ps   # 列出容器列表
pull   # 从docker镜像源服务器拉取指定镜像或者库镜像    
push    # 推送指定镜像或者库镜像至docker源服务器
restart    # 重启运行的容器
rm     # 移除一个或者多个容器
rmi    # 移除一个或多个镜像[无容器使用该镜像才可删除，否则需删除相关容器才可继续或 -f 强制删除]
run    # 创建一个新的容器并运行一个命令
save     # 保存一个镜像为一个tar包[对应load]
search    # 在docker hub中搜索镜像
start    # 启动容器
stop    # 停止容器
tag     # 给源中镜像打标签
top     # 查看容器中运行的进程信息
unpause    # 取消暂停容器
version    # 查看docker 版本号
wait      # 截取容器停止时的退出状态值

DockerFile

是用来构建docker镜像的文件，可以理解为命令参数脚本

构建步骤：

1. 编写一个dockerfile文件
2. docker build 构建成为一个镜像
3. docker run运行镜像
4. docker push 发布镜像（DockerHub、阿里云镜像仓库 私有/共有）

DockerFile基础知识

1. 每个指令都必须是大写字母
2. 按照从上到下顺序执行

DockerFile命令

FROM # 基础镜像 比如centos
MAINTAINER # 镜像是谁写的 姓名+邮箱
RUN # 镜像构建时需要运行的命令
ADD # 添加，比如添加一个tomcat压缩包
WORKDIR # 镜像的工作目录
VOLUME # 挂载的目录
EXPOSE # 指定暴露端口，跟-p一个道理
RUN # 最终要运行的
CMD # 指定这个容器启动的时候要运行的命令，只有最后一个会生效，而且可被替代
ENTRYPOINT # 指定这个容器启动的时候要运行的命令，可以追加命令
ONBUILD # 当构建一个被继承Dockerfile 这个时候运行ONBUILD指定，触发指令
COPY # 将文件拷贝到镜像中
ENV # 构建的时候设置环境变量

例子

# 下面给官方centos加上自定义的内容
FROM centos
MAINTAINER 姓名+邮箱地址

ENV MYPATH /usr/local
WORKDIR $MYPATH

RUN yum -y install vim
RUN yum -y install net-tools

EXPOSE 80

CMD echo $MYPATH
CMD echo "---end---"
CMD /bin/bash

# docker build -f dockerfile-centos -t mycentos:0.1 .    # 创建镜像
# docker run -it mycentos:0.1 运行镜像

创建Tomcat镜像

FROM centos
MAINTAINER  邮箱地址
COPY readme.txt /usr/local/readme.txt
ADD jdk-8u141-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local/
ADD apache-tomcat-9.0.37.tar.gz /usr/local/
RUN yum -y install vim
ENV MYPATH /usr/local
WORKDIR $MYPATH
ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_11
ENV CLASSPATH $JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
ENV CATALINA_HOME /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.37
ENV CATALINA_BASH /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.37
ENV PATH $PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:CATALINA_HOME/lib:$CATALINA_HOME/bin
EXPOSE 8080
CMD /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.37/bin/startup.sh && tail -F /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.37/bin/logs/catalina.out

3.构建镜像

docker build -t maintomcat .

4.启动镜像

docker run -d -p 9090:8080 --name swctomcat22
-v /home/mydockerfile/test:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.37/webapps/test 
-v /home/mydockerfile/mylogs:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.37/logs maintomcat

5.访问测试（ps -ef命令查看进程）

6.发布项目（curl命令：作用是发出网络请求，然后获取数据）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
         http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
         version="3.1">

</web-app>

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
    pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
</head>
<body>
    <div>
    hello
    </div>
</body>
</html>