Mindmap
Vocabulary
1. Original sentences with unfamiliar words or phrases
2. Word and its definition
3. Example sentences containing 'word'
4.Others (e.g. Origin and Etymology of 'word')
【图例注释】
[→] Day -1笔记
[ ☆ ] 补充笔记
→ Since reading of any sort is an activity, all reading must to some degree be active. Completely passive reading is impossible; we cannot read withour eyes immobilized and our minds asleep.
Quote: Degree is just one point, yet when you mention degree, you want to say the span from 0 to a certain degree not just the endpoint or the ceiling. Hence either at or in won't be sufficient. It has to be "to".
【Annie: “介词要用画面感来理解。”】
→ Completely passive reading is impossible; we cannot read withour eyes immobilized and our minds asleep.
passive: not active or not participating perceptibly in an activity, organization, etc
e.g. The rest of us are reduced to passive spectators rather than active political agents. Times, Sunday Times (2008)
Link finance: (of a bond, share, debt, etc) yielding no interest
→ Hence when we contrast active with passive reading, our purpose is, first, to call attention to the fact that reading can be more or less active, ……
与call attention to相似的搭配：
catch/ draw attention to
→ One reader is better than another inproportion as he is capable of a greater range of activity in reading and exerts more effort. He is better if he demands more of himself and of the text before him.
exert:
1. to apply (oneself) diligently; make a strenuous effort
(diligently: carried out with care and perseverance)
(strenuous: requiring or involvingthe use of great energy or effort)
e.g. The effort you exert to improve a difficult relationship is almost always rewarded with new vitality for you and your group.
*2. to use (influence, authority, etc) forcefully or effectively
e.g. One key question is how traffic pollution can exert such an effect on lung growth.
→ Though, strictly speaking, there can be no absolutely passive reading, many people think that, as compared with writing and speaking, which are obviously active undertakings, reading and listening are entirely passive.
undertaking: something undertaken; task, venture, or enterprise
(enterprise: a project or undertaking, esp one that requires boldness or effort)
e.g. Riding such a distance with little or no sleep is a huge undertaking.
→ The writer or speaker must put out some effort, but no work need be done by the reader or listener.
put out : to show or exert
e.g. the workers put out all their energy in the campaign.
→ The mistake here is to suppose that receiving communication is like receiving a blow or a legacy or a judgment from the court.
legacy:
1. a gift by will, esp of money or personal property
2. something handed down or received from an ancestor or predecessor
In its basic meaning, a legacy is a gift of money or other personal property that's granted by the terms of a will—often a substantial gift that needs to be properly managed.
But the word is used much more broadly as well. So, for instance, much of Western civilization—law, philosophy, aesthetics— could be called the undying legacy of ancient Greece. And the rights and opportunities that women enjoy today are partly the legacy of the early suffragists and feminists.
【这个部分作者利用了一个analogy (baseball)来推演reading activity是more or less active】
→ The pitcher or batter is the sender in the sense that his activity initiates the motion of the ball.
pitcher: [baseball] the player on the fielding team who pitches the ball to the batter
☆ 17/03/04补充 absolute pitch 绝对音高
碎碎念：上午边拖地边听音乐时想起 pitch 有"音高"的意思…… 想起Ronald Jenkeesu遗传障碍威廉氏综合征，患这种病的人97%拥有“absolute pitch”。算是一个奇特的脑洞……回来补个笔记 XD
batter: one that strikes or hits a ball with a bat; especially : the player whose turn it is to bat
in the sense that... 后跟解释 / 缘由
→ The catcher or fielder is the receiver in the sense that his activity terminates it.
fielder: [cricket , baseball] a member of the fielding rather than the batting side.
↑ field: verb. [sport] to stop, catch, or return (the ball) as a fielder
terminate: ( when intr, often foll by in or with) to form, be, or put an end (to); conclude
(foll. : abbreviation for followed)
e.g. The rail line terminates in Boston.
相近词：terminal
e.g. 'The terminal station is Hongqiao Railway Station. Doors will open on the left. '
→ If anything is passive, it is the ball. It is the inert thing that is put in motion or stopped, whereas the players are active, moving to pitch, hit, or catch.
inert: have no inherent (existing as an inseperatable part) ability to move or resist motion
e.g. How does he propose to stimulate the inert economy and create jobs?
[Latin] inert-, iners unskilled, idle, from in-+art- (in-否定，art-技艺), ars skill — more at arm (First Known Use: 1647) 【斜体: 构词方式 ； 非斜体: 释义】
→ The analogy with writing and reading is almost perfect. The thing that is written and read, like the ball, is the passive object common to the two activities that begin and terminate the process.
analogy: a comparison made to show such a similarity
→ The art of catching is the skill of catching every kind of pitch—fast balls and curves, changeups and knucklers.
curver:
[ US , Baseball ] a ball thrown by a right-handed pitcher that curves to the pitcher's left, or one thrown by a left-handed pitcher that curves to the pitcher's right
changeup:
[baseball] an unexpectedly slow ball thrown in order to surprise the batter
knuckler (or knuckleball)
a slow pitch without spin thrown with the first knuckles, or the nails, of the middle two or three fingers pressed against the ball
弹指球（Knuckleball，knuckler），又称指关节球、旋转球、魔速球，棒球中的一种球路，是一种特殊变化球，球速不快，其重点在于尽量减少球在飞行运程中的旋转，造成球出现不稳定、无法预测的运动。投球时，挥臂不必非常用力，主要是靠着手指在伸直时的弹力把球弹出去，因此也称为弹指球。由于弹出的球几乎不会有旋转，所以会产生相当多的紊流，因此球会飞往何处无法预知，就如同飞舞的蝴蝶一般，故名为蝴蝶球。
→ It is noteworthy that the pitcher and catcher are successful only to the extent that they cooperate.
noteworthy: worthy of or attracting attention especially because of some special excellence
e.g. Her art is noteworthy for its great quality and beauty.
→ Successful communication occurs in any case where what the writer wanted to have received finds its way into the reader’s possession.
have something done
The writer’s skill and the reader’s skill converge upon a common end.
converge: to move or cause to move towards the same point
相似词： diverge
What does active reading entail? We will return to this question many times in this book. For the moment, it suffices to say that, given the same thing to read, one person reads it better than another, first, by reading it more actively, and second, by performing each of the acts involved more skillfully.
entail: to have as a necessary consequence
e.g. Why does being your best friend entail me doing everything I don't want to do? (Shrek: Even After)
it suffices to say that... 足可以这样说
Background Knowledge
Actionable Insight
1. Read with question; exert to follow writer's reasoning and, if you can handle it, guess what the writer want to convey.
I definitely believe it'll make the whole process of reading more fun. (since you're fully cooperate with the writer, just as this passage recommended. )
2. Attempt to keep the knowledge framework connect: figure out some differences and common points.
For instance, you could recall some similar ideas you've learned during the reading activity, and make comparison between, say, two theory or opinions.
3. Figure it out once you met something you have no idea (e.g. background knowledge) and exert into next reading journey. It can make your reading activity self-intensified.
