①One of many strategies people use to avoid piling on the pounds is to swap sugar for low-calorie sweeteners.
为了避免增加体重，把糖换成低热量甜味剂是人们使用的一种方法。
swap A for B 把A换掉，换成B
②Yet for decades it has been clear that drinking so-called diet drinks confusingly leads to an increased risk of weight gain and diabetes.
但几十年来让人困惑的是，喝无糖饮料毫无疑问会增加体重上升和糖尿病的风险。
③Despite this connection, nobody knew why.
尽管喝无糖饮料和增加风险有某种联系，没有人知道原因。
④A new study released on Friday suggests that in the gut, low-calorie sweeteners change the types of bacteria that are found there.
周五发布的新研究表明，低热量甜味剂改变了肠道细菌的种类。
⑤These changes impair the regulation of glucose in the body.
这种变化损害了身体血糖的调解。
⑥The small study of 29 non-diabetic subjects added sweeteners--an amount equivalent to five cans of diet drinks a day--to their diet for two weeks.
这项小型研究选择了29个非糖尿病试验者，连续两周在饮食中添加甜味剂，每天摄入的剂量相当于喝五听无糖饮料的水平。
subject 研究的对象
⑦This caused a drop in the release of GLP-1, a hormone that helps to control blood glucose levels.
这一试验结果是试验者体内一种控制血糖水平的激素GLP-1分泌下降。
⑧However it is too early to say that sweeteners cause diabetes.
然而现在就说甜味剂导致糖尿病还为时过早。
⑨Further work is needed to confirm whether the altered bacterial activity is actually responsible for the hormonal changes.
肠道细菌活动发生改变是否就是引起激素变化的原因，还需要进一步的研究。
be responsible for 是导致……的原因
