01清淡的素食，粗粮和杂面粉是首选，饮食应保持七分饱。膳食纤维充足增加：适当增加膳食纤维摄入量的糖尿病患者可降低餐后血糖，改善糖耐量，降低胰岛素消耗，降低血脂作用;同时，它可以减轻糖尿病患者的饥饿感;并刺激消化液分泌，促进肠道蠕动，防止便秘的发生。以下食物含有较多的纤维，可用作糖尿病人的食物，如绿豆，海带，荞麦面，玉米面，燕麦面，高粱米，菠菜，芹菜，韭菜，豆芽等。
02.少吃含碳水化合物含量高的食物，如红薯，土豆，莲藕，胡萝卜，豌豆等。容易升高的血糖有：糖，冰糖，红糖，葡萄糖，麦芽糖，蜂蜜，蜜饯，乳糖，巧克力，果糖，水果罐头，苏打水，果酱，冰淇淋，甜点。应尽量避免蛋糕和各种甜饮料，口服液，果汁等。低糖食物有韭菜，南瓜，冬瓜，南瓜，绿色蔬菜，青椒，苦瓜，洋葱，茄子，西红柿等。
03坚持低脂饮食，尽量用植物油做饭，少吃油炸食品和甜，脂肪和咸的食物。高脂血症是糖尿病并发心血管疾病的重要原因。将脂肪摄入量提供的卡路里从40％降低到10％，可以更好地控制糖尿病。增加血脂的食物通常是猪油，黄油，羊油，黄油，黄油，脂肪和富含胆固醇的食物。
04.尽量不要喝酒。糖尿病肝脏具有较差的解毒能力。饮酒必然会加重肝脏负担并造成损害。过量饮酒也容易发生高脂血症和代谢紊乱。此外，饮酒可以刺激胰腺并影响其分泌的成分。同时，酒精是一种高热量食物，糖尿病略有失控，可引起疾病的恶化。
05.缺钙会加重糖尿病患者的病情。因此，我们应该多吃含钙的食物。如海带，排骨，虾皮，芝麻酱，大豆，牛奶等。
06硒与调节糖代谢的胰岛素具有相同的生理活性。含有硒的食物，如鱼，蘑菇，芝麻，大蒜和芥末，可以降低血糖，改善糖尿病症状。
07补充富含维生素B和维生素C的食物，如鱼，牛奶，卷心菜，豆类和蔬菜，芥末，卷心菜，青椒，鲜枣，有利于减缓糖尿病并发症的进程，减轻糖尿病视网膜病变和肾病。
西瓜，苹果和猕猴桃的含糖量相对较低。这些水果可以减轻胰腺的负担，帮助他们吸收丰富的维生素，矿物质和果胶，并平衡他们的饮食。
Diet and Taboos for Diabetics
01 Light vegetarian diet, coarse grains and miscellaneous flour are preferred, and the diet should be kept seven points full. Adequate increase in dietary fiber: Diabetic patients with appropriate increase in dietary fiber intake can reduce postprandial blood sugar, improve glucose tolerance, reduce insulin consumption and reduce the role of blood lipids; at the same time, it can alleviate the sense of hunger in diabetic patients; and stimulate digestive juice secretion and promote intestinal peristalsis, prevent the occurrence of constipation. The following foods contain more fibre, which can be used as food for diabetic people, such as mung beans, kelp, buckwheat noodles, corn noodles, oat noodles, sorghum rice, spinach, celery, leek, bean sprouts, etc.
02. Eat less foods with high carbohydrate content, such as sweet potatoes, potatoes, lotus root, carrots, peas, etc. Easy to raise blood sugar are: sugar, ice sugar, brown sugar, glucose, maltose, honey, preserves, lactose, chocolate, fructose, canned fruit, soda, jam, ice cream, dessert. Cakes and all kinds of sweet drinks, oral liquids, fruit juices, etc. should be avoided as far as possible. Low-sugar foods are leek, squash, winter melon, pumpkin, green vegetables, green pepper, balsam pear, onion, eggplant, tomatoes and so on.
03 Stick to a low-fat diet, cook with vegetable oil as far as possible, and eat less fried food and sweet, fat and salty food. Hyperlipidemia is an important cause of diabetes mellitus complicated with cardiovascular disease. Reducing the calories provided by fat intake from 40% to 10%, diabetes mellitus will be better controlled. Foods that increase blood lipids are commonly lard, butter, lamb oil, butter, butter, fat and cholesterol-rich foods.
04. Try not to drink alcohol. Diabetic liver has poor detoxification ability. Drinking alcohol is bound to aggravate the burden of liver and cause damage. Excessive drinking is also prone to hyperlipidemia and metabolic disorders. In addition, drinking can stimulate the pancreas and affect the composition of its secretion. At the same time, alcohol is a high-calorie food, diabetes mellitus slightly out of control, can cause the deterioration of the disease.
05. Calcium deficiency can aggravate the condition of diabetic patients. Therefore, we should eat more foods containing calcium. Such as kelp, ribs, shrimp skin, sesame sauce, soybeans, milk and so on.
06 Selenium has the same physiological activity as insulin in regulating sugar metabolism. Selenium-containing foods such as fish, mushrooms, sesame, garlic and mustard can reduce blood sugar and improve the symptoms of diabetes.
07_Supplementation of foods rich in vitamin B and vitamin C, such as fish, milk, cabbage, legumes and vegetables, mustard, cabbage, green pepper, fresh jujube, is conducive to slowing down the process of diabetic complications, and to alleviating diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy.
The sugar content of watermelon, apple and kiwifruit is relatively low. These fruits can lighten the burden of pancreas, help them absorb rich vitamins, minerals and pectin, and balance their diet.
