要进行预分析【死前检验】，请在您最初启动项目并且您的团队了解了目标之后，将您的项目团队拉入会议。
To perform a premortem, pull your project team into a meeting after you’ve initially kicked off the project and your team understands the goals.
在临终检验前，在未来的背景下构思练习。
In the premortem, frame the exercise in the context of the future.
问这个问题：“想象一下，我们启动这个项目已有三个月，并且它已经失败了。出了什么问题？”
Ask this: “Imagine we are now three months out from the launch of this project, and it has failed. What went wrong?”
然后要求团队中的每个人写下可能的失败原因与团队分享。
Then ask everyone on the team to write down possible causes for failure to share with the group.
可以用临终检验以一种无威胁的方式从你的团队成员们那里提取担忧。
Premortems can be used to extract concerns from your team members in a nonthreatening way.
它们【临终检验】还可以帮助您赢得持怀疑态度的团队成员的支持。
They can also help you win buy-in from skeptical team members.
我记得我第一次举行预演时，一位在项目启动期间表现出抵制迹象的利益相关者惊呼道：“这真是太好【宣泄】了！”
I recall the first time I held a premortem, one of the stakeholders who had been exhibiting signs of resistance during the project kickoff exclaimed, “This is so cathartic!”
她放心地分享了她所有的忧虑，并把它们从胸中移除了。
She was relieved to share all of her worries and get them off her chest.
在此临终检验之后，她对项目的成功更感兴趣，因为她觉得我们已经适当地讨论了所有可能的风险。
After the premortem, she was also more bought-in to the success of the project because she felt we had properly discussed all the possible risks.
她有信心，我们将能够处理好她对今后的担忧。
She was confident that we would be able to handle her concerns down the road.
通常，临终预分析会帮助您成功识别可能受项目影响但在初始启动讨论中被遗漏的人群。
Often, a premortem will help you successfully identify groups of people who may be affected by your project but were missed in the initial kickoff discussions.
通常，他们是在你的产品下游工作的人，或者可能扮演一个小角色，但不是项目的核心。
Usually they are people who work downstream from your product or may have a small role to play but weren’t core to the meat of the project.
例如，必须发布一段内容以支持开发的团队，或必须为客户更新常问问题的客户服务团队。
For example, the team that has to publish a piece of content to support development, or the customer service team that has to update an FAQ for your customers.
它们是典型的盲点的例子，如果未经识别、确认，可能会在某一环节造成延迟。
They are examples of classic blind spots that, left unidentified, can create delays down the line.
一个有效的临终预分析的结果是一个成功的众包和经过讨论的列表，列出了可能会使项目脱轨的那些可能的风险。
The result of an effective premortem is a successfully crowd-sourced and discussed list of possible risks that might derail your project.
这是一种非传统的方式，可以让您的团队表达他们可能害怕发声的担忧。
It’s an unconventional way to get your team to surface concerns that they may have been afraid to vocalize.
此外，它还可以帮助您发现盲点并对其展开讨论。
In addition, it can help you detect blind spots and open them up for discussion.
头脑风暴结束后，我建议将失败原因列表编入文档，然后指派领域专家们处理被认为风险最高的事项。
Once the brainstorming has ended, I recommend codifying the list of the causes of failure into a document and then assigning domain experts to the items that are perceived to be the highest risk.
此时，与其制定详细的计划，不如信任团队做好自己的工作。
At this point, rather than creating detailed plans, trust the team to do their job.
如果他们知道目标并掌握各自专业领域的所有权【以主人翁责任感负起责任】，他们也将尽最大努力减轻这些风险。
If they know the goals and take ownership over their respective areas of expertise, they will also do their best to mitigate those risks.
未完待续
