1. 这是什么词?
词:alternative
英英释义:something that you can choose instead of something else
例句:Equipped with best-in-class delivery networks, JD.com has become a popular alternative to Taobao.com.
2. 为什么选这个词?
“alternative” 既是形容词也是名词,今天我们学习它的名词用法。作为名词,alternative 表示“可供替代的”,是个可以用在口语和写作中,让表达更加简洁的单词。我们想表示“选择”时,除了“choice” “option”外,很多时候还可以使用 alternative。
比如对有些人来说,除了在淘宝上购物外,还会因为京东物流快而在京东上买东西,我们就可以说:
Equipped with best-in-class delivery networks, JD.com has become a popular alternative to Taobao.com.
要注意,alternative 后常接介词 to,A is an alternative to B,就是说“A 是 B 的替代品” “代替 B 做法的另一做法(A)”。
和我们前面学习的 panacea 一样,在说到问题的解决方案时,就可以用到 alternative。比如在写教育话题时,我们想表达为了满足不同的学习需求,学校除了提供实体课堂外,还应该为学生提供更多的选择,就可以说:
To cater to various learning needs, schools should offer students more alternatives, say online courses, to classes delivered on campus.
《经济学人》曾在一篇文章中引用过葡萄牙总理 Antonio Costa 的一句话:
“We showed that there is an alternative to ‘There is no alternative,’” says Mr Costa.
“别无选择”的英文可以说成“There is no alternative”。 当我们认为别无选择的时候,可以试着鼓励自己说一句:There is always an alternative to “There is no alternative”。
3. 怎样学会使用这个词?
1)使用《牛津英语搭配词典》查“alternative”,了解它作为名词时的常用搭配。
a. [搭配]ADJ.
attractive, constructive, effective, good, radical, useful 诱人的/ 建设性的/ 有效的/ 好的/ 根本的/ 有用的选择
acceptable, available, credible, possible, practical, real, realistic, reasonable, satisfactory, serious, suitable, viable 可接受的/ 现有的/ 可信的/ 可能的/ 实用的/ 真实的/ 现实的/ 合理的/ 满意的/ 认真的/ 合适的/ 可行的选择 Is there a viable alternative to prison? 除入狱外还有无其它可行的办法?
clear, obvious 明确的选择;显而易见的选择
cheap, healthy, interesting, safe 便宜的/ 健康的/ 有意思的/ 安全的替代品:
a healthier alternative to fizzy drinks 比起泡饮料更健康的另一选择
b. [搭配]VERB + ALTERNATIVE
have 有选择: We have two alternatives. 我们有两个选择。
offer, provide 提供选择:His idea seemed to offer a possible alternative. 他的想法似乎提供了另一种可能的选择。
seek 寻找替代物:
seeking alternatives to nuclear power 寻找核能的替代物
find 找替代品:We’ll have to find an alternative. 我们必须找到替代品。
c. [搭配]PREP.
~ for 给… 的选择:There is no alternative for those with no car of their own. 没有私家车的人就没有选择余地了。
~ to 除…以外的其它选择:
Is there an alternative to surgery for this complaint? 除了手术外,这种毛病还有其它治疗方法吗?
d. [搭配]PHRASES
have little/no alternative (but to)(除…外)几乎/ 完全没有其它选择:
She had no alternative but to do as he said. 她别无选择,只能照他说的做。
leave sb with no alternative (but to)使某人别无选择(而只能…):
He was left with no alternative but to hobble to the nearest telephone box. 他别无他法,只能一瘸一拐地走到最近的电话亭。
2)翻译下面的句子:
如今,许多美国的大学除了接受托福成绩外,也接受雅思成绩。
(参考翻译:Many universities in the United States now accept the IELTS as an alternative to the TOEFL.)
3)结合自己的生活、学习、工作、兴趣等,想象在什么语境下会用到这个表达。先简要描述这个场景,再造句。
场景1:除了前进,我别无选择。
造句: I have no alternative but to move forward.
场景2:为了减少温室气体的排放,我们应该找到不可再生燃料的替代品。
造句:In order to reduce the greenhouse gas emission, we should find some alternatives to these fossil fuels.
场景3:
造句:There is no excuse for wearing real fur with so many humane alternatives now available.
The lack of alternatives to an illegal action does not legitimise that action.
The launch of Oven Chips offered a healthier and more convenient alternative to traditional chips.
It's making me feel better just knowing that I have alternatives to the current situation.’