前言
Http请求是做Android应用开发工作几乎必须要用到的东西。做Android开发这几年,从最开始仿照网上代码自己使用apache的DefaultHttpClient封装网络请求工具类,到后面开始使用GitHub上面的一些http框架,Afinal,xUtils到Volley,AsyncHttpClient等,网上这些http框架大多都还比较易用,但是做实际业务中还是感觉到业务和界面代码与Http请求的代码还是耦合性过高,特别是在服务器接口比较多的时候。所以自己在以前的项目中也一直在尝试做一些封装解耦,但是一直感觉达不到自己想要的效果,直到看到Retrofit这个类库。
在断断续续看了几个月的OkHttpClient和Retrofit源码,我终于决定尝试着封装一个自己的框架:httplite
Github:https://github.com/alexclin0188/httplite
类库主要特性介绍
httplite类库主要实现了以下特性
- 1.隔离了底层http实现,http实现可替换
虽然okhttpclient的实现很好,但是有时候也会因为项目包大小等原因需要使用系统UrlConection来实现 - 2.建造者模式的流式调用和结果解析的解耦
使用Request.url().param().header().***.async(Callback<T>)方式调用,可自定义多重ResponseParser来实现不同的http返回结果(json,protocolbuf等) - 3.支持使用类似Retrofit的方式,使用java接口类来定义后后台API接口,并且支持RxJava,支持自定义注解
目前类库底层的http实现提供了okhttp2.x/okhttp3.x/URLConnection三种可选.
类库使用指南
一、添加依赖
- Gradle
使用okhttp 2.7.5作为http实现
compile 'alexclin.httplite:httplite-okhttp2:1.1.1'
compile 'com.squareup.okhttp:okhttp:2.7.5'
使用okhttp 3.2.0作为http实现
compile 'alexclin.httplite:httplite-okhttp3:1.1.1'
compile 'com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:3.2.0'
使用系统URLConnection作为http实现
compile 'alexclin.httplite:httplite-url:1.1.1'
如需Rx扩展则还需要
compile 'alexclin.httplite:retrofit-rx:1.1.1'
compile 'io.reactivex:rxjava:1.1.1'
或者直接使用releaselib中的jar包
1 okhttp2: httplite1.1.1.jar+httplite-ok2lite1.1.1.jar+okhttp 2.x.x版本jar包
2 okhttp3: httplite1.1.1.jar+httplite-ok3lite1.1.1.jar+okhttp 3.x.x版本jar包
3 url: httplite1.1.1.jar+httplite-urlite1.1.1.jar
4 使用rx扩展:httplite-retrofit-rx1.1.1.jar+rx1.x.x版本jar包
二、类库初始化
或者也可以直接使用jar包
首先创建HttpLiteBuilder进行配置,目前有三种HTTP实现可选
//使用OkHttp2.x作为Http实现
HttpLiteBuilder builder = Ok2Lite.create();
//使用OkHttp3.x作为Http实现
HttpLiteBuilder builder = Ok3Lite.create();
//使用系统URLConnection作为http实现
HttpLiteBuilder builder = URLite.create();
对Builder进行配置
builder = builder.setConnectTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //设置连接超时
.setWriteTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //设置写超时
.setReadTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //设置读超时
.setMaxRetryCount(2) //设置失败重试次数
.setFollowRedirects(true) //设置是否sFollowRedirects,默认false
.setFollowSslRedirects(true) //设置是否setFollowSslRedirects
.addResponseParser(new GsonParser())
.baseUrl("http://192.168.99.238:10080/")//BaseUrl
.setProxy(...)//
.setProxySelector(...)//
.setSocketFactory(...)//
.setSslSocketFactory(...)//
.setHostnameVerifier(..)//
.useCookie(...) //设置CookieStore,设置则启用Cookie,不设置则不启用
.addCallAdapter(new RxCallAdapter());//添加Rx支持
创建HttpLite实例
HttpLite httpLite = builder.build();
另外提供mock支持,需传入MockHandler
httpLite = builder.mock(new MockHandler() {
@Override
public <T> void mock(Request request, Mock<T> mock) throws Exception {
//模拟完整的http返回结果输入流
mock.mock(int code,String msg,Map<String, List<String>> headers, final InputStream stream,MediaType mediaType);
//直接模拟结果
mock(T result, Map<String, List<String>> headers);
//模拟Json格式的结果
mock.mockJson(....);
//以文件内容作为Http返回结果输入流
mock.mock(new File("...."));
}
@Override
public boolean needMock(Request request) {
//TODO 判断该请求是否需要Mock
return true;
}
});
二、普通方式发起http请求
发起普通GET请求
mHttpLite.url(url).header("header","not chinese").header("test_header","2016-01-06")
.header("double_header","header1").addHeader("double_header","head2")
.param("type","json").param("param2","You dog").param("param3", "中文")
.get().async(new Callback<Result<List<FileInfo>>>() {
@Override
public void onSuccess(Request req, Map<String, List<String>> headers,Result<List<FileInfo>> result) {
//TODO
}
@Override
public void onFailed(Request req, Exception e) {
//TODO
}
});
发起post请求,监听进度
//multipart上传文件
MediaType type = mHttpLite.parse(MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM+";charset=utf-8");
RequestBody body = mHttpLite.createRequestBody(mHttpLite.parse(MediaType.APPLICATION_STREAM),file);
mHttpLite.url("/").multipartType(type).multipart("早起早睡","身体好").multipart(info.fileName,info.hash).multipart(info.fileName,info.filePath,body)
.onProgress(new ProgressListener() {
@Override
public void onProgressUpdate(boolean out, long current, long total) {
LogUtil.e("是否上传:"+out+",cur:"+current+",total:"+total);
}
})
.post().async(new Callback<Result<String>>() {
@Override
public void onSuccess(Request req,Map<String, List<String>> headers,Result<String> result) {
LogUtil.e("Result:"+result);
}
@Override
public void onFailed(Request req, Exception e) {
LogUtil.e("onFailed:"+e);
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
//post json
mHttpLite.url("/").post(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON, JSON.toJSONString(info)).async(new Callback<String>() {
@Override
public void onSuccess(Request req,Map<String, List<String>> headers,String result) {
LogUtil.e("Result:" + result);
}
@Override
public void onFailed(Request req, Exception e) {
LogUtil.e("E:" + e.getLocalizedMessage());
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
//post form表单
mHttpLite.url("/").form("&test1","name&1").form("干撒呢","whatfuck").formEncoded(Uri.encode("test&2"),Uri.encode("name&2")).post().async(new Callback<String>() {
@Override
public void onSuccess(Request req,Map<String, List<String>> headers,String result) {
LogUtil.e("Result:" + result);
}
@Override
public void onFailed(Request req, Exception e) {
LogUtil.e("E:" + e.getLocalizedMessage());
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
下载文件
mHttpLite.url(url).intoFile(dir,name,true,true)
.onProgress(new ProgressListener() {
@Override
public void onProgressUpdate(boolean out, long current, long total) {
//TODO
}
})
.download(new Callback<File>() {
@Override
public void onSuccess(Request req, Map<String, List<String>> headers, File result) {
//TODO
}
@Override
public void onFailed(Request req, Exception e) {
//TODO
}
});
三、使用java接口定义API接口(类似Retrofit的功能)
1.基础使用
//生成API接口实例
final SampleApi api = mHttplite.retrofit(SampleApi.class);
//调用异步方法
api.login("user", "pass", "token", new Callback<Result<UserInfo>>() {
@Override
public void onSuccess(Request req, Map<String, List<String>> headers, Result<UserInfo> result) {
//TODO
}
@Override
public void onFailed(Request req, Exception e) {
//TODO
}
});
//调用异步方法
new Thread(){
@Override
public void run() {
//获取知乎主页数据
try {
ZhihuData data = api.syncZhihu();
//TODO
} catch (Exception e) {
//TODO
}
}
}.start();
//生成Call
final Call call = api.zhihuCall();
//异步调用Call
call.async(new Callback<ZhihuData>() {
@Override
public void onSuccess(Request req, Map<String, List<String>> headers, ZhihuData result) {
//TODO
}
@Override
public void onFailed(Request req, Exception e) {
//TODO
}
});
//或者同步调用Call
new Thread(){
@Override
public void run() {
//获取知乎主页数据
try {
ZhihuData data = call.sync(new Clazz<ZhihuData>(){});
//TODO
} catch (Exception e) {
//TODO
}
}
}.start();
2.RxJava的支持
支持RxJava需要在配置HttpLiteBuilder时添加RxCallAdapter
HttpLiteBuilder builder = ....
.....
builder.addCallAdapter(new RxCallAdapter());
.....
定义返回Obserable的API函数
@GET("http://news-at.zhihu.com/api/4/news/latest")
Observable<ZhihuData> testZhihu();
使用返回的Obserable
Observable<ZhihuData> observable = apiService.testZhihu();
observable.subscribeOn(Schedulers.io())
.observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())
.subscribe(new Subscriber<ZhihuData>() {
@Override
public void onCompleted() {
LogUtil.e("onCompleted");
}
@Override
public void onError(Throwable e) {
LogUtil.e("Onfailed", e);
}
@Override
public void onNext(ZhihuData zhihuData) {
LogUtil.e("Result:" + zhihuData);
LogUtil.e("Result:" + (Thread.currentThread()== Looper.getMainLooper().getThread()));
}
});
3.自定义注解的使用
自定义注解支持方法注解和参数注解
只需定义自己的注解,在HttpLite的Retrofit实例中添加对应注解的处理器即可
定义注解和注解处理器,此处只列出GsonFieldProcesscor代码,详细参考Demo
public class GsonFieldProcesscor implements ParamMiscProcessor {
public static final String BODY_TYPE = "gson_json_body";
@Override
public void process(Request request, Annotation[][] annotations, List<Pair<Integer, Integer>> list, Object... args) {
//处理所有带有Gson注解的参数,list中存储的是所有Gson注解的位置
JsonObject object = new JsonObject();
for(Pair<Integer,Integer> pair:list){
int argPos = pair.first;
int annotationPos = pair.second;
if(args[argPos]==null) continue;
GsonField annotation = (GsonField) annotations[argPos][annotationPos];
String key = annotation.value();
if(args[argPos] instanceof String){
object.addProperty(key,(String)args[argPos]);
}else if(args[argPos] instanceof JsonElement){
object.add(key,(JsonElement)args[argPos]);
}else if(args[argPos] instanceof Boolean){
object.addProperty(key,(Boolean)args[argPos]);
}else if(args[argPos] instanceof Number){
object.addProperty(key,(Number)args[argPos]);
}
}
request.body(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON,object.toString());
}
@Override
public boolean support(Annotation annotation) {
return annotation instanceof GsonField;
}
@Override
public void checkParameters(Method method, Annotation annotation, Type parameterType) throws RuntimeException {
//在此函数中检查参数类型是否定义正确
if(!gsonSupportType(parameterType)){
throw Util.methodError(method,"Annotation @GsonField only support parameter type String/JsonElement/Boolean/Number/int/long/double/short");
}if(TextUtils.isEmpty(((GsonField)annotation).value())){
throw Util.methodError(method,"The annotation {@GsonField(value) value} must not be null");
}
}
private boolean gsonSupportType(Type type){
return type==String.class || Util.isSubType(type,JsonElement.class) || type == int.class || type == long.class || type == double.class
|| type == short.class || Util.isSubType(type,Number.class) || type == boolean.class || type == Boolean.class;
}
}
@BaseURL("http://192.168.99.238:10080/")
public interface CustomApi {
@GET("/login")
void login(
@Query("username") String userName,
@Query("password") String password,
@Query("token") String token,
@Tag Object tag,
Callback<Result<UserInfo>> callback
);
@POST("/test")
void testPost(@GsonField("param1") String param1,
@GsonField("param1")String param2,
Callback<Result<RequestInfo>> callback);
}
//添加自定义注解处理器
//普通的参数注解处理ParamterProcessor
Retrofit.registerParamterProcessor(new QueryProcessor());
//对个参数组合到一起的参数注解处理ParamMiscProcessor,如将多个参数组合成一个json字符串作为请求的BODY
Retrofit.registerParamMiscProcessor(new GsonFieldProcesscor());
//当注解处理的参数是用作Body时,还需要注册Body类型
Retrofit.basicAnnotationRule().registerBodyAnnotation(GsonField.class,
GsonFieldProcesscor.BODY_TYPE,true);
//创建实例
CustomApi api = mHttplite.retrofit(CustomApi.class);
//发起请求
Object tag = new Object();
api.login("user", "pass", "token", tag, new Callback<Result<UserInfo>>() {
@Override
public void onSuccess(Request req, Map<String, List<String>> headers, Result<UserInfo> result) {
//TODO
}
@Override
public void onFailed(Request req, Exception e) {
//TODO
}
});
api.testPost("test1", "test2", new Callback<Result<RequestInfo>>() {
@Override
public void onSuccess(Request req, Map<String, List<String>> headers, Result<RequestInfo> result) {
//TODO
LogUtil.e("Result:"+result);
}
@Override
public void onFailed(Request req, Exception e) {
//TODO
LogUtil.e("onFailed",e);
}
});
}
4.RequestListener和MethodFilter的使用
HttpLite支持在创建API接口实例时传入RequestListener和MethodFilter
SampleApi api = mHttplite.retrofit(SampleApi.class,listener,filter);
- RequestListener主要用于监听接口中的请求,或者为请求添加一些通用参数
RequestListener listener = new RequestListener() {
@Override
public void onRequest(HttpLite lite, Request request, Type resultType) {
LogUtil.e("RequestUrl:"+request.rawUrl());
//添加通用参数
request.param("commonParam","1234");
}
};
- MethodFilter主要用于给某些请求加一些前置操作
MethodFilter filter = new MethodFilter() {
@Override
public Object onMethod(HttpLite lite, final MethodInvoker invoker, final Object[] args) throws Throwable {
//此处仅以同步请求方法为例
String publicKey = ......
if(TextUtils.isEmpty(publicKey)){
LogUtil.e("methodFilter:"+invoker);
String publicKey = ......
if(TextUtils.isEmpty(publicKey)){
//获取key
......
return invoker.invoke(args);
}else{
return invoker.invoke(args);
}
}else{
return invoker.invoke(args);
}
}
};
四、配置ResponseParser
默认支持String的解析,但是类对象结果的解析需要使用httpLite.addResponseParser()添加支持该类型的解析器ResponseParser,可添加多个以便支持多种不同的结果解析
ResponseParser接口定义如下:
public interface ResponseParser {
boolean isSupported(Type type);
<T> T praseResponse(Response response, Type type) throws Exception;
}
可以通过实现此接口解析Json,XML或者二进制流为对象的功能
demo模块app中分别有使用Jackson,FastJson,Gson实现Json解析,通过继承StringParser实现。
public abstract class StringParser implements ResponseParser{
@Override
public final <T> T praseResponse(Response response, Type type) throws Exception{
return praseResponse(HttpCallback.decodeResponseToString(response),type);
}
public abstract <T> T praseResponse(String content, Type type) throws Exception;
}