(注:阿里云服务器的购买可以使用抢占式实例这样可以节省初期学习的费用)
1.修改对应的主机,配置内网访问IP,配置好之后使用ping相应的主机名看是否能通信.

image.png

2.做好服务器之间的免密登录以方便后续的分发脚本(rsynv -av )使用.

#生成公钥    ssh-keygen -t rsa  ;连续回车三次
#把相应的公钥拷贝的另外的主机,第一次需要输入另外主机登录密码
ssh-copy-id hadoop103/hadoop104
#测试是否免密
ssh hadoop102

3.解压相应的hadoop和JDK并且配置环境变量.这里使用在/etc/profile.d 下面的路径创建自己的.sh文件(my_env.sh)

创建完之后刷新profiel
source  /etc/profile
#检测环境
java -version
hadoop

image.png

安装完之后通过rsync分发到另外的两台主机.

#分发安装文件夹
rsync -av hadoop-3.2.3 root@hadoop103:/opt/module
rsync -av jdk-8121u.11 root@hadoop104:/opt/module
#分发my_env,sh文件
rsync -av /etc/profile.d/my_env.sh root@hadoop103:/etc/profile.d
rsync -av /etc/profile.d/my_env.sh root@hadoop104:/etc/profile.d

4.三台主机安装完之后配置相应的hadoop配置文件,core-site.xml、hdfs-site.xml、yarn-site.xml、mapred-site.xml.
core-site.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
<!--
  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  limitations under the License. See accompanying LICENSE file.
-->

<!-- Put site-specific property overrides in this file. -->

<configuration>
    <!-- 指定NameNode的地址 -->
    <property>
        <name>fs.defaultFS</name>
        <value>hdfs://hadoop102:8020</value>
    </property>
    <!-- 指定hadoop数据的存储目录 -->
    <property>
        <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
        <value>/opt/module/hadoop-3.1.3/data</value>
    </property>

    <!-- 配置HDFS网页登录使用的静态用户为atguigu -->
    <property>
        <name>hadoop.http.staticuser.user</name>
        <value>root</value>
    </property>

    <!-- 配置该atguigu(superUser)允许通过代理访问的主机节点 -->
    <property>
        <name>hadoop.proxyuser.root.hosts</name>
        <value>*</value>
    </property>
    <!-- 配置该atguigu(superUser)允许通过代理用户所属组 -->
    <property>
        <name>hadoop.proxyuser.root.groups</name>
        <value>*</value>
    </property>
    <!-- 配置该atguigu(superUser)允许通过代理的用户-->
    <property>
        <name>hadoop.proxyuser.root.users</name>
        <value>*</value>
    </property>
</configuration>

image.png

hdfs-site.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
<!--
  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  limitations under the License. See accompanying LICENSE file.
-->

<!-- Put site-specific property overrides in this file. -->

<configuration>
    <!-- nn web端访问地址-->
    <property>
        <name>dfs.namenode.http-address</name>
        <value>hadoop102:9870</value>
    </property>

    <!-- 2nn web端访问地址-->
    <property>
        <name>dfs.namenode.secondary.http-address</name>
        <value>hadoop104:9868</value>
    </property>

    <!-- 测试环境指定HDFS副本的数量1 -->
    <property>
        <name>dfs.replication</name>
        <value>1</value>
    </property>
</configuration>

image.png

yarn-site.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!--
  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  limitations under the License. See accompanying LICENSE file.
-->
<configuration>
    <!-- 指定MR走shuffle -->
    <property>
        <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>
        <value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>
    </property>

    <!-- 指定ResourceManager的地址-->
    <property>
        <name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostname</name>
        <value>hadoop103</value>
    </property>

    <!-- 环境变量的继承 -->
    <property>
        <name>yarn.nodemanager.env-whitelist</name>
        <value>JAVA_HOME,HADOOP_COMMON_HOME,HADOOP_HDFS_HOME,HADOOP_CONF_DIR,CLASSPATH_PREPEND_DISTCACHE,HADOOP_YARN_HOME,HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME</value>
    </property>

    <!-- yarn容器允许分配的最大最小内存 -->
    <property>
        <name>yarn.scheduler.minimum-allocation-mb</name>
        <value>512</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>yarn.scheduler.maximum-allocation-mb</name>
        <value>4096</value>
    </property>

    <!-- yarn容器允许管理的物理内存大小 -->
    <property>
        <name>yarn.nodemanager.resource.memory-mb</name>
        <value>4096</value>
    </property>

    <!-- 关闭yarn对虚拟内存的限制检查 -->
    <property>
        <name>yarn.nodemanager.vmem-check-enabled</name>
        <value>false</value>
    </property>
    <!-- 开启日志聚集功能 -->
    <property>
        <name>yarn.log-aggregation-enable</name>
        <value>true</value>
    </property>

    <!-- 设置日志聚集服务器地址 -->
    <property>
        <name>yarn.log.server.url</name>
        <value>http://hadoop102:19888/jobhistory/logs</value>
    </property>

    <!-- 设置日志保留时间为7天 -->
    <property>
        <name>yarn.log-aggregation.retain-seconds</name>
        <value>604800</value>
    </property>
</configuration>

image.png

mapred-site.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
<!--
  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  limitations under the License. See accompanying LICENSE file.
-->

<!-- Put site-specific property overrides in this file. -->

<configuration>
<!-- 指定MapReduce程序运行在Yarn上 -->
    <property>
        <name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>
        <value>yarn</value>
    </property>
    <!-- 历史服务器端地址 -->
    <property>
        <name>mapreduce.jobhistory.address</name>
        <value>hadoop102:10020</value>
    </property>

    <!-- 历史服务器web端地址 -->
    <property>
        <name>mapreduce.jobhistory.webapp.address</name>
        <value>hadoop102:19888</value>
    </property>
</configuration>

image.png

分发脚本xsync

#1. 判断参数个数
if [ $# -lt 1 ]
then
    echo Not Enough Arguement!
    exit;
fi

#2. 遍历集群所有机器
for host in hadoop102 hadoop103 hadoop104
do
    echo ====================  $host  ====================
    #3. 遍历所有目录，挨个发送

    for file in $@
    do
        #4. 判断文件是否存在
        if [ -e $file ]
            then
                #5. 获取父目录
                pdir=$(cd -P $(dirname $file); pwd)

                #6. 获取当前文件的名称
                fname=$(basename $file)
                ssh $host "mkdir -p $pdir"
                rsync -av $pdir/$fname $host:$pdir
            else
                echo $file does not exists!
        fi
    done
done

然后分发配置文件到其他两台主机.
5.由于第一次启动所以先初始化hadoop

1）如果集群是第一次启动，需要在hadoop102节点格式化NameNode（注意：格式化NameNode，会产生新的集群id，导致NameNode和DataNode的集群id不一致，集群找不到已往数据。如果集群在运行过程中报错，需要重新格式化NameNode的话，一定要先停止namenode和datanode进程，并且要删除所有机器的data和logs目录，然后再进行格式化。）
[@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ hdfs namenode -format
（2）启动HDFS
[@hadoop102 hadoop-3.2.2]$ sbin/start-dfs.sh
（3）在配置了ResourceManager的节点（hadoop103）启动YARN
[@hadoop103 hadoop-3.2.2]$ sbin/start-yarn.sh

如果初始化后没问题,启动时出现以下错误则可以更改sbin目录下的.sh文件

image.png

#在启动/停止hdfs和yarn文件加入以下代码
vim sbin/start-dfs.sh
vim sbin/stop-dfs.sh
HDFS_DATANODE_USER=root
HADOOP_SECURE_DNUSER=hdfs
HDFS_NAMENODE_USER=root
HDFS_SECONDARYNAMENODE_USER=root

vim  sbin/start-yarn.sh
vim  sbin/stop-yarn.sh
YARN_RESOURCEMANAGER_USER=root
HADOOP_SECURE_DN_USER=yarn
YARN_NODEMANAGER_USER=root
function hadoop_usage

最后成功启动

image.png

启动脚本

#!/bin/bash

if [ $# -lt 1 ]
then
    echo "No Args Input..."
    exit ;
fi

case $1 in
"start")
        echo " =================== 启动 hadoop集群 ==================="

        echo " --------------- 启动 hdfs ---------------"
        ssh hadoop102 "/opt/module/hadoop-3.1.3/sbin/start-dfs.sh"
        echo " --------------- 启动 yarn ---------------"
        ssh hadoop103 "/opt/module/hadoop-3.1.3/sbin/start-yarn.sh"
        echo " --------------- 启动 historyserver ---------------"
        ssh hadoop102 "/opt/module/hadoop-3.1.3/bin/mapred --daemon start historyserver"
;;
"stop")
        echo " =================== 关闭 hadoop集群 ==================="

        echo " --------------- 关闭 historyserver ---------------"
        ssh hadoop102 "/opt/module/hadoop-3.1.3/bin/mapred --daemon stop historyserver"
        echo " --------------- 关闭 yarn ---------------"
        ssh hadoop103 "/opt/module/hadoop-3.1.3/sbin/stop-yarn.sh"
        echo " --------------- 关闭 hdfs ---------------"
        ssh hadoop102 "/opt/module/hadoop-3.1.3/sbin/stop-dfs.sh"
;;
*)
    echo "Input Args Error..."
;;
esac