眼见不一定为实

<h1 style="box-sizing: border-box; break-after: avoid-page; break-inside: avoid; orphans: 4; font-size: 2.25em; margin-top: 1rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; position: relative; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.2; cursor: text; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Segoe UI Emoji", sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong>眼见不一定为实</strong></span></h1><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin: 0.8em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Segoe UI Emoji", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">我们从小就被教导“眼见为实”,仿佛眼睛看到的就是真相。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin: 0.8em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Segoe UI Emoji", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">但你有没有想过:你看到的,可能只是冰山一角?</span></p>


<h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; break-after: avoid-page; break-inside: avoid; orphans: 4; font-size: 1.75em; margin-top: 1rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; position: relative; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.225; cursor: text; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Segoe UI Emoji", sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong>01</strong></span></h2><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin: 0.8em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Segoe UI Emoji", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">《思考,快与慢》第七章有个核心概念:WYSIATI,What You See Is All There Is。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin: 0.8em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Segoe UI Emoji", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">翻译过来就是——“你所看到的,就是全部的信息。”</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin: 0.8em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Segoe UI Emoji", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">这个词是卡尼曼造的,意思很简单:
当你的大脑看到一点线索,它不会告诉自己“我只看到了局部,还有很多我不知道”,而是会直接默认“我现在看到的 就是全部真相”。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin: 0.8em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Segoe UI Emoji", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">于是,信息越少,你反而越自信。所以为什么会有古话说,“无知者无畏”。</span></p><h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; break-after: avoid-page; break-inside: avoid; orphans: 4; font-size: 1.75em; margin-top: 1rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; position: relative; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.225; cursor: text; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Segoe UI Emoji", sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong>02</strong></span></h2><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin: 0.8em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Segoe UI Emoji", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">书里有一个经典例子。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin: 0.8em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Segoe UI Emoji", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">如果我告诉你:“艾伦很勤奋,善良,爱帮助人。”</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin: 0.8em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Segoe UI Emoji", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">你会在一瞬间产生一个判断——艾伦是个好人,适合当领导。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin: 0.8em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Segoe UI Emoji", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">但你真的知道吗?</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin: 0.8em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Segoe UI Emoji", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">你不知道他是否负责、是否有能力、是否可靠。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin: 0.8em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Segoe UI Emoji", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">你仅有的信息只有“勤奋、善良、帮助人”这六个字,可你的大脑已经自动补全了一整个故事,并且对这个故事深信不疑。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin: 0.8em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Segoe UI Emoji", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">这就是系统1的运作方式——它像一台“急于下结论的机器”,只为了让世界变得合理、连贯,它会强行把碎片信息拼成一个完整故事,然后立刻告诉你:这就是真相。</span></p><h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; break-after: avoid-page; break-inside: avoid; orphans: 4; font-size: 1.75em; margin-top: 1rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; position: relative; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.225; cursor: text; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Segoe UI Emoji", sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong>03</strong></span></h2><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin: 0.8em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Segoe UI Emoji", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生活中这样的例子比比皆是。</span></p><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0.8em 0px; padding-left: 30px; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Segoe UI Emoji", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; position: relative;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; text-align: left;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">你看到同事在会议上反驳你,觉得他“针对你”。但你不知道他家中有事,心情烦躁。</span></p></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; position: relative;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; text-align: left;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">你看到朋友圈有人晒旅游照片,觉得他“太清闲”。但你不知道他刚熬了三个大夜。</span></p></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; position: relative;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; text-align: left;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">你看到别人买车买房,觉得“凭什么”。但你不知道他承担了多少压力和代价。</span></p></li></ul><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin: 0.8em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Segoe UI Emoji", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">我们看到的,往往只是结果,而不是过程;只是表象,而不是全部。</span></p><h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; break-after: avoid-page; break-inside: avoid; orphans: 4; font-size: 1.75em; margin-top: 1rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; position: relative; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.225; cursor: text; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Segoe UI Emoji", sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong>04</strong></span></h2><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin: 0.8em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Segoe UI Emoji", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">为什么会这样?</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin: 0.8em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Segoe UI Emoji", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">因为系统1——那个会自动快速反应的 System 1——不喜欢模糊、不确定、信息不全。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin: 0.8em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Segoe UI Emoji", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">它要的是连贯,是完整,是答案。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin: 0.8em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Segoe UI Emoji", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">它会迫不及待地帮你补全故事,帮你下结论,帮你形成判断。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin: 0.8em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Segoe UI Emoji", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">而系统2——那个理性的、慢思考的系统——往往很懒,懒到不会去质疑系统1给出的答案。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin: 0.8em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Segoe UI Emoji", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">所以我们很容易就会觉得:</span></p><blockquote><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; text-align: left;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">“我看到的,就是全部。”</span></p></blockquote><h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; break-after: avoid-page; break-inside: avoid; orphans: 4; font-size: 1.75em; margin-top: 1rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; position: relative; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.225; cursor: text; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Segoe UI Emoji", sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong>05</strong></span></h2><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin: 0.8em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Segoe UI Emoji", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">这让我想到一句老话:眼见为实,耳听为虚。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin: 0.8em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Segoe UI Emoji", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">但读完这一章我发现,眼见未必为实。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin: 0.8em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Segoe UI Emoji", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">因为耳朵听到的,你可以怀疑、可以查证;
但眼睛看到的,你往往毫无防备地就信了。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin: 0.8em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Segoe UI Emoji", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">而实际上,你看到的,永远只是你想看到的那个角度,永远只是真相的一个切面。</span></p><h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; break-after: avoid-page; break-inside: avoid; orphans: 4; font-size: 1.75em; margin-top: 1rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; position: relative; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.225; cursor: text; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Segoe UI Emoji", sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong>06</strong></span></h2><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin: 0.8em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Segoe UI Emoji", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">那么该怎么破?</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin: 0.8em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Segoe UI Emoji", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">卡尼曼没有给出特效药,但他指出了方向:</span></p><blockquote><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; text-align: left;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">当你想要下结论的时候,停一停,想一想——
“我现在掌握的信息,是全部吗?
还有没有我不知道的?
有没有可能是我漏掉了什么?”</span></p></blockquote><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin: 0.8em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Segoe UI Emoji", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">这不是否定你的直觉,而是给系统2一点时间,让它去审视系统1给出的答案。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin: 0.8em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Segoe UI Emoji", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong>凡事别急于下结论。三思而后行,不是迂腐,是清醒。</strong></span></p>
<h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; break-after: avoid-page; break-inside: avoid; orphans: 4; font-size: 1.75em; margin-top: 1rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; position: relative; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.225; cursor: text; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Segoe UI Emoji", sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong>写在最后</strong></span></h2><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin: 0.8em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Segoe UI Emoji", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">我们活在一个信息爆炸的时代,但信息越多,并不等于判断越准。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin: 0.8em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Segoe UI Emoji", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">相反,信息越多,系统1越容易被带跑,越容易在碎片中拼出一个似是而非的真相。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin: 0.8em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Segoe UI Emoji", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">所以,越是这样,越需要提醒自己:</span></p><blockquote><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; text-align: left;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong>我看到的,不是全部。</strong></span></p></blockquote><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin: 0.8em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Segoe UI Emoji", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">本文为《思考,快与慢》第7章 A Machine for Jumping to Conclusions ,读书笔记。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; orphans: 4; margin: 0.8em 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Open Sans", "Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Segoe UI Emoji", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">标题直译:一台急于下结论的机器,准确翻译,眼见即为事实。共勉。</span></p>

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