前言
mux 是go实现的轻量的路由,可以基于host,path,query匹配。
使用示例:
r := mux.NewRouter()
r.HandleFunc("/products/{key}", ProductHandler)
r.HandleFunc("/articles/{category}/", ArticlesCategoryHandler)
r.HandleFunc("/articles/{category}/{id:[0-9]+}", ArticleHandler)
源码实现
Router类型结构
type Router struct {
// Routes to be matched, in order.
routes []*Route
// Slice of middlewares to be called after a match is found
middlewares []middleware
// configuration shared with `Route`
routeConf
}
- 1.根路由,相当于http请求的多路复用器,可以通过HandleFunc注册多个path 和handler。
- 2.实现了http.handler接口,兼容http标准库
Route类型结构
// Route stores information to match a request and build URLs.
type Route struct {
// Request handler for the route.
handler http.Handler
// config possibly passed in from `Router`
routeConf
}
type routeConf struct {
// Manager for the variables from host and path.
regexp routeRegexpGroup
// List of matchers.
matchers []matcher
buildVarsFunc BuildVarsFunc
}
- 一条路由信息
- 内部结构中 []matcher 用于存储多个匹配条件。
- routeRegexpGroup 用于保存 匹配成功后提取的参数的实际值。http 请求 匹配成功后,需要将参数传递到handler处理器中,参数可以从此结构获取。
matcher接口
对于不同的匹配类型 抽象出的接口。
- method匹配
// Methods --------------------------------------------------------------------
// methodMatcher matches the request against HTTP methods.
type methodMatcher []string
func (m methodMatcher) Match(r *http.Request, match *RouteMatch) bool {
return matchInArray(m, r.Method)
}
// Methods adds a matcher for HTTP methods.
// It accepts a sequence of one or more methods to be matched, e.g.:
// "GET", "POST", "PUT".
func (r *Route) Methods(methods ...string) *Route {
for k, v := range methods {
methods[k] = strings.ToUpper(v)
}
return r.addMatcher(methodMatcher(methods))
}
Methods方法添加一个methodMatcher到route的matcher切片中。 methodMatcher的Match方法实现为:取request中的方法进行匹配。
- path匹配
func (r *Route) Path(tpl string) *Route {
r.err = r.addRegexpMatcher(tpl, regexpTypePath)
return r
}
Path 方法添加一个支持正则匹配的matcher,类型为regexpTypePath。
routeRegexp 类型结构 是支持参数, 正则 匹配的核心。
type routeRegexp struct {
// The unmodified template.
template string
// The type of match
regexpType regexpType
// Options for matching
options routeRegexpOptions
// Expanded regexp.
regexp *regexp.Regexp
// Reverse template.
reverse string
// Variable names.
varsN []string
// Variable regexps (validators).
varsR []*regexp.Regexp
}
addRegexpMatcher方法解析传入的模板字符串,解析出参数和正则表达式存储到 varsN varsR 中。
以 "/articles/{category}/{id:[0-9]+}" 为例,varsN 中保存了 'category', 'id'两个参数,varsR 中保存了 ‘[0-9]+’正则表达式。
- 3.其余匹配 还支持host header 等匹配。
Route的Match方法
// Match matches the route against the request.
func (r *Route) Match(req *http.Request, match *RouteMatch) bool {
// Match everything.
for _, m := range r.matchers {
if matched := m.Match(req, match); !matched {
if _, ok := m.(methodMatcher); ok {
matchErr = ErrMethodMismatch
continue
}
// Ignore ErrNotFound errors. These errors arise from match call
// to Subrouters.
//
// This prevents subsequent matching subrouters from failing to
// run middleware. If not ignored, the middleware would see a
// non-nil MatchErr and be skipped, even when there was a
// matching route.
if match.MatchErr == ErrNotFound {
match.MatchErr = nil
}
matchErr = nil
return false
}
}
// Set variables.
r.regexp.setMatch(req, match, r)
}
遍历所有添加的matcher ,所有都匹配则匹配成功。
匹配成功后,提取参数的值。保存到route的routeRegexpGroup类型变量中。
Router实现了http.handler接口
// ServeHTTP dispatches the handler registered in the matched route.
//
// When there is a match, the route variables can be retrieved calling
// mux.Vars(request).
func (r *Router) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
var match RouteMatch
var handler http.Handler
if r.Match(req, &match) {
handler = match.Handler
req = setVars(req, match.Vars)
req = setCurrentRoute(req, match.Route)
}
if handler == nil && match.MatchErr == ErrMethodMismatch {
handler = methodNotAllowedHandler()
}
if handler == nil {
handler = http.NotFoundHandler()
}
handler.ServeHTTP(w, req)
}
调用Match,如果匹配成功。通过setVars将匹配的参数设置到req的context中。
handler处理函数可以通过Vars 从requst中提取参数。 通过context传值 保证了handler接口的一致性。
如果匹配失败,交给http.NotFoundHandler处理。
Router的Match方法
将中间件 添加到 handler处理器 之上
func (r *Router) Match(req *http.Request, match *RouteMatch) bool {
for _, route := range r.routes {
if route.Match(req, match) {
// Build middleware chain if no error was found
if match.MatchErr == nil {
for i := len(r.middlewares) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
match.Handler = r.middlewares[i].Middleware(match.Handler)
}
}
return true
}
}
if match.MatchErr == ErrMethodMismatch {
if r.MethodNotAllowedHandler != nil {
match.Handler = r.MethodNotAllowedHandler
return true
}
return false
}
// Closest match for a router (includes sub-routers)
if r.NotFoundHandler != nil {
match.Handler = r.NotFoundHandler
match.MatchErr = ErrNotFound
return true
}
match.MatchErr = ErrNotFound
return false
}