SpringMVC入门

1. 基于maven搭建SpringMVC项目
  在pom.xml添加依赖

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.8</version>
        </dependency>

配置web.xml

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
        "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
        "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
         http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
         version="3.1">

    <!-- SpringMVC入口，所有请求都由这个DispatcherServlet来处理 -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <!-- springMVC配置文件位置 -->
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </servlet>

    <!-- 请求参数转义过滤器 -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>

    <!-- DispatcherServlet入口，表示SpringMVC需要处理哪些请求 -->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
</web-app>

spring-mvc.xml配置如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <!-- 开启注解驱动 -->
    <!-- @Controller @RequestMapping等SpringMVC相关注解才能生效 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>

    <!-- 需要扫描的包路径 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.example"/>

    <!-- 视图解析器配置 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

新建TestController

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/test")
public class TestController {
    @RequestMapping("/test1/{id}")
    public ModelAndView test1(ModelAndView modelAndView, Map map, Model model, String name,
            @PathVariable("id") String id, HttpServletRequest request) {
        request.setAttribute("result", name);
        modelAndView.setViewName("index");
        System.out.println(id);
        map.put("temp", "123");
        return modelAndView;
    }
}

index.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    系统首页, ${requestScope.result}, ${requestScope.temp}
</body>
</html>

启动tomcat并访问地址：http://localhost:8080/test/test1/1?name=testUser
结果如下：

 系统首页, testUser, 123

注解说明：

@Controller 表明一个类是一个控制器
@RestController 表明当前控制器是restfull风格的
@RequestMapping 表明某个类或者方法的访问地址
@RequestParam 配置请求参数，其有一个required属性，默认为true, 如果请求参数中没有该参数，则会报400 Bad Request
@PathVariable 路径匹配，从请求路径中提取值
@ReuquestBody 将整个request body解析为一个实体类
@ResponseBody 将返回结果作为相应的body部分

SpringMVC入门

SpringMVC入门

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