1 BEGIN
维基百科，自由的百科全书
具象状态传输（英文：Representational State Transfer，简称REST）是Roy Thomas Fielding博士于2000年在他的博士论文 "Architectural Styles and the Design of Network-based Software Architectures" 中提出来的一种万维网软件架构风格。
目前在三种主流的Web服务实现方案中，因为REST模式与复杂的SOAP和XML-RPC相比更加简洁，越来越多的web服务开始采用REST风格设计和实现。例如，Amazon.com提供接近REST风格的Web服务执行图书查询；雅虎提供的Web服务也是REST风格的。
RESTful API是目前比较成熟的一套互联网应用程序的API设计理论。
2 简单的Get请求
基本http的GET请求需要在一个协程中new一个WWW类并传入准确的API地址，执行yield return www 就会等待服务器的返回结果，之后才开始执行以后的代码。 Get请求的API参数需要加入到API的地址中去，格式 URL+?key1=value1&key2=value2。
public class NewBehaviourScript : MonoBehaviour {
// Use this for initialization
void Start () {
StartCoroutine (IEHttpGet());
}
IEnumerator IEHttpGet()
{
//print ("get url " + fullUrl);
WWW www = new WWW("http://127.0.0.1:6789/bmi");
yield return www;
if (www.error != null) {
Debug.LogError (www.error);
}
Debug.Log (www.text);
}
}
3 简单的Post请求
这份代码使用的是JSON格式的数据。POST请求需要一个API地址，请求的HTTP头部需要加入头信息表明是json格式的数据，发送的josn数据格式化为字符串并转化为字节数据。这里使用的JSON解析库是MiniJSON。
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using MiniJSON;
public class NewBehaviourScript : MonoBehaviour {
// Use this for initialization
void Start () {
StartCoroutine (IEPost());
}
IEnumerator IEPost()
{
string fullUrl = "http://127.0.0.1:6789/bmi";
//加入http 头信息
Dictionary<string,string> JsonDic = new Dictionary<string,string> ();
JsonDic.Add ("Content-Type", "application/json");
//请求的Json数据
Dictionary<string,string> UserDic = new Dictionary<string, string> ();
UserDic ["height"] = "170";
UserDic ["weight"] = "62";
string data = Json.Serialize (UserDic);
//转换为字节
byte[] post_data;
post_data = System.Text.UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes (data);
WWW www = new WWW (fullUrl, post_data, JsonDic);
yield return www;
if (www.error != null) {
Debug.LogError ("error:" + www.error);
}
Debug.Log (www.text);
}
}
4 带安全验证的Get/Post请求
对于需要使用Base Auth 安全验证的RESTful API,需要在http的请求信息中加入用户名称和用户帐号信息，并进行编码转化。
新建一个字典数据，加入编码说明和帐号信息。
Dictionary<string,string> AuthDic = new Dictionary<string,string> (); // auth header
AuthDic.Add("Content-Type", "application/json");
string NameAndPw = "UserName" + ":" + "Password";
AuthDic.Add("Authorization", "Basic " + System.Convert.ToBase64String(System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(NameAndPw)) );
完整的安全验证的POST请求
IEnumerator IEPost()
{
string fullUrl = "http://127.0.0.1:6789/bmi";
Dictionary<string,string> AuthDic = new Dictionary<string,string> (); // auth header
AuthDic.Add("Content-Type", "application/json");
string NameAndPw = "UserName" + ":" + "Password";
AuthDic.Add("Authorization", "Basic " + System.Convert.ToBase64String(System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(NameAndPw)) );
//请求的Json数据
Dictionary<string,string> UserDic = new Dictionary<string, string> ();
UserDic ["height"] = "170";
UserDic ["weight"] = "62";
string data = Json.Serialize (UserDic);
//转换为字节
byte[] post_data;
post_data = System.Text.UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes (data);
WWW www = new WWW (fullUrl, post_data, AuthDic);
yield return www;
if (www.error != null) {
Debug.LogError ("error:" + www.error);
}
Debug.Log (www.text);
}
5 封装成带回调函数的请求
对于多次的http请求，如果编写多份协程来处理会显得计较麻烦。这里把HTTP的请求封装成一个回调函数。得到服务器返回的数据则马上调用回调函数进行处理。
以下的http请求的的封装。
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System;
/// <summary>
/// Http Request SDK
/// </summary>
namespace RestHttpAPI
{
public class HttpAPI : MonoBehaviour {
private static HttpAPI _instacne=null;
private HttpAPI()
{
}
public static HttpAPI Instance{
get{
if(_instacne == null )
{
Debug.LogError("Awake error");
}
return _instacne ;
}
}
void Awake () {
DontDestroyOnLoad (gameObject);
HttpAPI._instacne = gameObject.GetComponent<HttpAPI> ();
JsonDic.Add("Content-Type", "application/json");
AuthDic.Add("Content-Type", "application/json");
string NameAndPw = UserName + ":" + Password;
AuthDic.Add("Authorization", "Basic " + System.Convert.ToBase64String(System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(NameAndPw)) );
}
public string ipAdr="https://127.0.0.1:5000";
public string ver = "";
Dictionary<string,string> AuthDic = new Dictionary<string,string> (); // auth header
Dictionary<string,string> JsonDic = new Dictionary<string,string> (); // json parser header
public string UserName="";
public string Password="";
/// <summary>
/// Get Method with callback
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">URL.</param>
/// <param name="callBack">Call back.</param>
public void Get(string url,Action<string,string> callBack=null)
{
StartCoroutine ( IEHttpGet(this.ipAdr+url,callBack));
}
IEnumerator IEHttpGet(string fullUrl,Action<string,string> callBack)
{
//print ("get url " + fullUrl);
WWW www = new WWW(fullUrl);
yield return www;
if (www.error != null) {
Debug.LogError (www.error);
}
if(callBack != null)
callBack (www.text,www.error);
}
/// <summary>
/// Get Method with callback and BaseAuth
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">URL.</param>
/// <param name="callBack">Call back.</param>
public void GetAuth(string url,Action<string,string> callBack=null)
{
StartCoroutine (IEGetAuth(url,callBack));
}
IEnumerator IEGetAuth(string url,Action<string,string> callBack=null)
{
string fullUrl = this.ipAdr + url;
WWW www = new WWW(fullUrl,null,AuthDic);
yield return www;
if (www.error != null) {
Debug.LogError ("error:"+www.error);
}
if(callBack != null)
callBack (www.text,www.error);
}
/// <summary>
/// Post the specified url and callBack.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">URL.</param>
/// <param name="callBack">Call back.</param>
public void Post(string url,Action<string,string> callBack=null)
{
StartCoroutine (IEPost (url, callBack));
}
IEnumerator IEPost(string url,Action<string,string> callBack=null)
{
string fullUrl = this.ipAdr + url;
WWWForm wf = new WWWForm ();
wf.AddField ("K","v");
WWW www = new WWW(fullUrl,wf);
yield return www;
if (www.error != null) {
Debug.LogError ("error:"+www.error);
}
if(callBack != null)
callBack (www.text,www.error);
}
/// <summary>
/// Post the specified url, data and callBack.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">URL.</param>
/// <param name="data">Data.</param>
/// <param name="callBack">Call back.</param>
public void Post(string url,string data, Action<string,string> callBack=null)
{
StartCoroutine (IEPost(url,data,callBack));
}
IEnumerator IEPost(string url,string data, Action<string,string> callBack=null)
{
string fullUrl = this.ipAdr + url;
byte[] post_data;
post_data = System.Text.UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(data);
WWW www = new WWW(fullUrl,post_data,JsonDic);
yield return www;
if (www.error != null) {
Debug.LogError ("error:"+www.error);
}
if(callBack != null)
callBack (www.text,www.error);
}
/// <summary>
/// Posts the auth.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">URL.</param>
/// <param name="data">Data.</param>
/// <param name="callBack">Call back.</param>
public void PostAuth(string url,string data, Action<string,string> callBack=null)
{
StartCoroutine (IEPostAuth(url,data,callBack));
}
IEnumerator IEPostAuth(string url,string data, Action<string,string> callBack=null)
{
string fullUrl = this.ipAdr + url;
byte[] post_data;
post_data = System.Text.UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(data);
WWW www = new WWW(fullUrl,post_data,AuthDic);
yield return www;
if (www.error != null) {
Debug.LogError ("error:"+www.error);
}
if(callBack != null)
callBack (www.text,www.error);
}
}
}
6 使用示例
基于以上的RestHttpAPI可以使用简单的代码调用RESTful API。
//设置API的网络地址
HttpAPI.Instance.ipAdr = "https://127.0.0.1:5000";
HttpAPI.Instance.UserName = "b";
HttpAPI.Instance.Password = "123";
//普通的Get POST 请求
HttpAPI.Instance.Get ("/hello",(resp,error)=>{print(resp+" "+error);});
HttpAPI.Instance.Post ("/hello",(resp,error)=>{print(resp+" "+error);});
//带安全验证的GET请求
HttpAPI.Instance.GetAuth ("/test",(resp,error)=>{print(resp+" "+error);});
//POST请求
Dictionary<string,string> UserDic = new Dictionary<string, string> ();
UserDic["username"]="you";
UserDic["password"]="123";
string str = Json.Serialize(UserDic);
HttpAPI.Instance.Post ("/user/newUser", str, (resp,error) => {
print (resp + " " + error);}
);
//带安装验证的POST 请求
Dictionary<string,string> UserDic = new Dictionary<string, string> ();
UserDic["appname"]="aote2";
UserDic["channel"]="haha";
UserDic["count"]="180";
string str = Json.Serialize(UserDic);
HttpAPI.Instance.PostAuth("/generateCode", str, (resp,error) => {
print (resp + " " + error);}
);
