2、B L O C K C H A I N
A blockchain is a public accounting book that can record transactions between two parties in an efficient, verifiable and permanent way, allowing the technological substitution of trust through the collaborativework of an electronic network whose nodes respond to diverse interests, which are aligned to guarantee the efficiency of the system through clear rules and incentives granted by the same network.
区块链是一个公开的账本，可以有效的、可验证的、永久性的方式记录双方之间的交易。允许用技术来替代信任，通过电子网络的协同工作，节点去回应不同的兴趣利益，均衡的去保证系统的效率通过同一网络明晰的规则和的激励授予。
The blockchain organizes the information in the form of blocks, which are verified by the network nodes in order to connect them to the block that precedes it through a hash code. The unique conformation of the codes that link to the blocks depends on encryption mechanisms that are in turn defined by a coded and compacted representation of the series of entries they contain.
区块链以成快的形式来组织信息，为了连接他们到区块，通过哈希编码的程序，网络节点来认证。这种独特构造的代码连接区块依赖于加密机制，依次包含了，通过代码和压缩表现一系列的条目。
Once a block has been created and verified by a certain number of nodes (or all of them), according to protocols and rules defined from the first block of the chain (“genesis block”), the modification is distributed to all network nodes. All nodes have full registration and the possibility (sometimes the obligation) to audit it permanently and in real time.
一旦一个区块被创造出来又被特定数量的节点或者全部的节点验证后，根据协议和规则来自于第一个区块（创世区块），这个修整分配到所有的网络节点。所有的节点全部注册以及可能（有时是义务必须）去实时的审计永久保存。
The fundamental characteristic of a blockchain is “distribution”, i. e. the deconcentration of tasks and access to information. All members have an important role (in most blockchains, all nodes have exactly the same role),but none of them concentrate information, nor do they have the power to make any kind of decisions about the chain, so a global consensus based on clear and strict rules is required when making any changes. Therefore the records of a blockchain are therefore highly reliable because they guarantee the integrity of information,traceability of transactions and security.
区块链最基本的特征就是分配、分部。分散任务、记录信息。所有的成员都有重要的作用（在大多数的区块链，所有的节点有精确同样的角色），但是没有一个集中信息，也没有权利去做任何一个决定在链上，所以做任何改变都基于在全球共识上达成清晰而严格的规则。因此，区块链的记录是高度可信赖的，它保证了信息的信息的完整，交易的可追踪和安全。
The use of blockchains is beginning to gain popularity globally. It currently has hundreds of applications. This’distributed electronic records’ technology can be leveraged for all kinds of information: medical records,authorship and patents, data authentication, food distribution, real estate and more, offering even the ability to program automatic execution “smart contracts”, which promise to revolutionize many activities and industries around the world.
使用区块链开始获得了全球的普及流行。它目前有上百种的应用程序。这种分布式电子记录技术可以应用于各种信息：医疗记录、作者和专利、数据验证、食物分销、房地产等，甚至提供可编程自动执行“智能合约”，有希望去革变许多活动和产业，在全世界范围。
Among the applications, value transfer registration stands out, as the blockchain makes possible for the first time in history real electronic transfers, that is to say, those where one party gives up an element of information to another and loses its possession (the ability to use or copy it). In short, block chains eliminate the possibility of “dual use” in information transfer, which in financial transactions translates into “double expenditure”.
在应用程序之间，价值转移注册出现了，区块链第一次在人类历史上，使真的电子转移成为可能。也就是说，一方放弃了一个信息元素给了别人并且失去了所有权。简言之，区块链消除了双重使用信息转移的可能性，在金融交易上翻译为双重支付。
