作者把“艺术”拆分成10个元素:学习,威信,道德,想象力,同情心,耐心,个性,愉悦。
1.learning 终身学习
学习有三个状态:
the act of gaining knowledge;
the knowledge gained by virtue of that act;
the process of getting knowledge
为什么说学习是痛苦的,也是孤独的?
因为知识是动态的,知识本身是不完整的,模糊的,需要不断探索,需要坚持不懈的投入时间和精力。
会学习的老师会这么回应学生关于学习意义的问题:
Because acquiring this knowledge is difficult.
Because you will feel triumphant when it no longer confuses you.
Because you will enjoy what you can do with it.
Because in learning it you may discover new perspectives on life, new ways of thinking.
Because its possession will make you more alive than its alternative, which is ignorance.
2.authority 权威
没有权威就没有教学。教师的权利也不是自己赋予的,还是学生给予的。教师通过自己的知识和人格赢得学生的尊重,建立平等、共鸣、真实的师生关系。
作为一名年轻、没有经验的老师,不要希望一开始就有权威,应该充满活力和激情,激发学生的学习兴趣帮助学生超越原来的习惯方式,超越自己。这种欲望在走出教室之后,还要能继续保持。
3.ethics道德
In teaching, ethics means putting the satisfaction of the needs and good of students before those of anyone else.
道德的标准是:不伤害学生,关注学生的福祉,对学生寄予高标准、高期望。
学生在学习上感到吃力时,教师并不应该降低期望,帮助学生探索新的思考方式,坚持不懈,共同找到新的解决办法。
4.order秩序
Good teaching requires that teachers and students subject themselves to external and internal control so that learning can take place.
纪律真正的内涵是指,完善知识,塑造性格,学习所需要的良好的品质和自觉自律。表现在教师行为方面要有责任有义务,教学语言有序、清晰、准确,符合学生的水平和需要。也包括适当的惩罚。
教师最残酷的武器是犀利的语言和冷嘲热讽。教师的言外之意,教师表扬和处罚的方式,都影响到课堂秩序。
为什么教室需要保持安静?
因为在一个吵闹的混乱的环境里,学习很难发生。因为吵闹的环境下,学生很懒散,也不可能进行学习。只有安静的环境才可能让学生集中注意力听讲
如何帮助学生遵守规则?
规则的制定要稍微高于学生现有的能力水平。对学生提出高期望,但是要公平。不管学生现在的水平如何,都要表达同样的希望。
5.imagination想象力
教学中的想象力指的是:
To imagine themselves in students' places and then to help those students imagine themselves in other times locations and circumstances.
在教学中运用想象力,需要教师以往的记忆:
Imagination has to be assisted by my memory. Teachers must some recollections of their own struggles to learn, must recall their own frustrations and failures to grasp their teachers lessons when they were at their students on stage of learning.
Good teachers project themselves into the minds of their students to estimate their capacity for learning to anticipate their reactions to instruction and to envision their use of knowledge.
6.compassion同情心
同情心对教师很重要,因为如果教师不能理解学生在学习上的困难和暂时的无知,就难以激发学生的学习热情,难以保持教学激情和动力。
学生在学习新知识的时候,会表现的很笨拙,这需要时间消化,需要教师的引导,教师有一定的耐心和理解。教师要了学生,已有的观点和经验,优势和劣势,学生的个性。对学生提出目标、多鼓励和表扬,让学生有勇气克服困难。
有同情心的老师,在学生面前是一个完整的人,获得知识时的喜悦和遇到困难时的苦恼,都展现出来。
7.patience耐心
Patience in teachers is their willingness to accept students' limitation in their efforts to acquire knowledge. 要成为一名有耐心的教师,要去面对自己的沮丧和脆弱,关注学生的理解情况。
有耐心的老师,在学生还没有理解的时候,不急着给出答案,给学生思考和反应的时间。
有耐心的老师会充分考虑学生的特点,他们是青少年,认知还有不成熟
有耐心的老师会觉得学生的错误有很大的价值,错误能够帮我们extend our lessons, try out fresh approaches, offer additional illustration and establish a standard....学生可以通过错误measure their own progress and satisfy their aspirations to know.
有时候,没有教好学生,就会责怪自己,课可以上得更好,是我没有教好。但其实一个学生的发展老师能做的也有限,我们尽人事,给自己多点耐心,给学生也多点耐心
8.Tenacity
教学中的毅力是指:
①Tenacity means, above all things , an acceptance of discouragement.
②Tenacity must be visible while unstated.
③Tenacity calls for unremitting, often unrequited, effort, but it never justifies anger towards students for their failure to live up to their teachers' hopes or expectations.
④Tenacity makes burnout unlikely.
⑤Tenacity keeps teachers from giving up on difficult, indifferent, or failing students.
⑥Tenacity means maintaining high standards for self as well as for students.
有毅力的老师即使对学生失望,也会保持教学热情,继续鼓励学生进步,对学生严格要求,保持较高的期望。即使学生现在没有达到要求,也不会降低期望,而是帮助学生通过自己的努力努力,达到要求。
9.character
以前,人们都希望老师是严格的、严肃。现在,幽默、宽容、言行一致、严格的老师很受欢迎。
在教学中要展现出自己的个性,要注意符合以下标准:
A teacher’s teaching character must be authentic.
Character must be consistent.
Character means showing humanity by acknowledging lapses and errors.
Character requires sociability.
Character should mature with age.
Character should be distinct and individual.
10.pleasure
教室需要有愉悦感,要营造学生乐于学习的氛围。学习目标应该是学生跳一跳能够够得着的难度。
教师需要和学生分享自己学习中的苦与乐,向学生展示完整的自己,以真实、投入的个性感染学生。教师最大的愉悦感来自学生学生有收获、有进步
读完得到很大的安慰。回看自己工作前5年,真的很盲目,很痛苦,没有方向,成就感很低,一度怀疑自己不适合教学。
原来一个人不是一开始就全部具备这些素质,而是经过很多次的尝试、失败、再尝试,不断学习成长。
教学比学习更艰难,因为教育还担负着人类的责任感和道德。因为教师是学生的榜样,以身作则,潜移默化的影响力量很强大。不仅要研究教材和教法,还要创设情境、关注学生,关注学生的情感生活和品格习惯。
To learn is to suffer. 任重道远。