Vue(2.6.11)源码阅读——数据驱动

本文目录:
1. new Vue
2. Vue 挂载的实现
3. render
4. Visual DOM
5. createElement
6. update

[new Vue]

我们平常通过工程化导入Vue一般是这样做的:

import Vue from 'vue'

来看vue到底导出了什么(src\core\instance\index.js)——初始Vue

import { initMixin } from './init'
import { stateMixin } from './state'
import { renderMixin } from './render'
import { eventsMixin } from './events'
import { lifecycleMixin } from './lifecycle'
import { warn } from '../util/index'

function Vue (options) {
  if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' &&
    !(this instanceof Vue)
  ) {
    warn('Vue is a constructor and should be called with the `new` keyword')
  }
  this._init(options)
}

initMixin(Vue)
stateMixin(Vue)
eventsMixin(Vue)
lifecycleMixin(Vue)
renderMixin(Vue)

export default Vue

可以看到vue其实就是一个函数,我们将自定义的配置传入后当做构造函数来使用。那为什么不用class来写vue而是用构造函数的形式呢?
这是因为Vue这个对象的方法太多了,很多都需要放在不同的模块来写的,在不同的模块我只要在vue的prototype上去添加方法就好了。如果是class,就不好添加了,只能在一个class上添加,继承的话调用的也是其他class了,所以采用构造函数的形式。

然后混入了一些全局方法:

xxMixin 原型方法 原型属性
initMixin Vue.prototype._init
stateMixin Vue.prototype.$set ,Vue.prototype.$delete,Vue.prototype.$watch Vue.prototype.$data,Vue.prototype.$props
eventsMixin Vue.prototype.$on,Vue.prototype.$once,Vue.prototype.$off,Vue.prototype.$emit
lifecycleMixin Vue.prototype._update,Vue.prototype.$forceUpdate,Vue.prototype.$destroy
renderMixin Vue.prototype.$nextTick,Vue.prototype._render

接着在给Vue添加一些全局API(src\core\index.js):

import Vue from './instance/index'
import { initGlobalAPI } from './global-api/index'
import { isServerRendering } from 'core/util/env'
import { FunctionalRenderContext } from 'core/vdom/create-functional-component'

initGlobalAPI(Vue)

Object.defineProperty(Vue.prototype, '$isServer', {
  get: isServerRendering
})

Object.defineProperty(Vue.prototype, '$ssrContext', {
  get () {
    /* istanbul ignore next */
    return this.$vnode && this.$vnode.ssrContext
  }
})

// expose FunctionalRenderContext for ssr runtime helper installation
Object.defineProperty(Vue, 'FunctionalRenderContext', {
  value: FunctionalRenderContext
})

Vue.version = '__VERSION__'

export default Vue

全局API:
1. Vue.config
2. Vue.util
3. Vue.util.warn
4. Vue.util.extend
5. Vue.util.mergeOptions
6. Vue.util.defineReactive
7. Vue.set
8. Vue.delete
9. Vue.nextTick
10. Vue.options
11. components = {}
12. KeepAlive
13. directives = {}
14. filters = {}
15. _base = Vue
16. Vue.use
17. Vue.mixin
18. Vue.extend
19. Vue.use
20. Vue.component
21. Vue.directive
22. Vue.filter
23. Vue.prototype.$isServer
24. Vue.prototype.$ssrContext
25. Vue.FunctionalRenderContext
26. Vue.version

最后根据是run in time 还是完整版会到导出添加$mount方法的和$mount + compile版本的Vue

[Vue 挂载的实现(src\platforms\web\runtime\index.js)]

Vue.prototype.$mount = function (
  el?: string | Element,
  hydrating?: boolean
): Component {
  el = el && inBrowser ? query(el) : undefined
  return mountComponent(this, el, hydrating)
}

mountComponent定义(src\core\instance\lifecycle.js)

export function mountComponent (
  vm: Component,
  el: ?Element,
  hydrating?: boolean
): Component {
  vm.$el = el//这里就将根元素赋值了$el
  if (!vm.$options.render) {
    vm.$options.render = createEmptyVNode
    if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
      /* istanbul ignore if */
      if ((vm.$options.template && vm.$options.template.charAt(0) !== '#') ||
        vm.$options.el || el) {
        warn(
          'You are using the runtime-only build of Vue where the template ' +
          'compiler is not available. Either pre-compile the templates into ' +
          'render functions, or use the compiler-included build.',
          vm
        )
      } else {
        warn(
          'Failed to mount component: template or render function not defined.',
          vm
        )
      }
    }
  }
  callHook(vm, 'beforeMount')

  let updateComponent
  /* istanbul ignore if */
  if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && config.performance && mark) {
    updateComponent = () => {
      const name = vm._name
      const id = vm._uid
      const startTag = `vue-perf-start:${id}`
      const endTag = `vue-perf-end:${id}`

      mark(startTag)
      const vnode = vm._render()
      mark(endTag)
      measure(`vue ${name} render`, startTag, endTag)

      mark(startTag)
      vm._update(vnode, hydrating)
      mark(endTag)
      measure(`vue ${name} patch`, startTag, endTag)
    }
  } else {
    updateComponent = () => {
      vm._update(vm._render(), hydrating)
    }
  }

  // we set this to vm._watcher inside the watcher's constructor
  // since the watcher's initial patch may call $forceUpdate (e.g. inside child
  // component's mounted hook), which relies on vm._watcher being already defined
  new Watcher(vm, updateComponent, noop, {
    before () {
      if (vm._isMounted && !vm._isDestroyed) {
        callHook(vm, 'beforeUpdate')
      }
    }
  }, true /* isRenderWatcher */)
  hydrating = false

  // manually mounted instance, call mounted on self
  // mounted is called for render-created child components in its inserted hook
  if (vm.$vnode == null) {
    vm._isMounted = true
    callHook(vm, 'mounted')
  }
  return vm
}

可以看到mountComponent 依次做了下面几件事情:

  1. vm.$options.render若不存在这通过createEmptyVNode创建一个新的vnode给render
  2. 调用钩子beforeMount的回调函数
  3. 定义一个updateComponent 通过vm._update更新DOM!
  4. 定义一个新的watcher,并在它的before方法上判断如果是mounted并且未destroyed,那么调用beforeUpdate钩子
  5. 这里的$vnode表示父vnode,它为null, 表示目前已经是根元素,最有可以将_isMounted置为true并调用mounted钩子
  6. 返回vm(这就是可以连续mount的原因)

可以看到真正实现挂在实际上就是

    updateComponent = () => {
      vm._update(vm._render(), hydrating)
    }

所以我们现在先看_render,再看_update。

[_render(src\core\instance\render.js)]

  Vue.prototype._render = function (): VNode {
    const vm: Component = this
    const { render, _parentVnode } = vm.$options

    if (_parentVnode) {
      vm.$scopedSlots = normalizeScopedSlots(
        _parentVnode.data.scopedSlots,
        vm.$slots,
        vm.$scopedSlots
      )
    }

    // set parent vnode. this allows render functions to have access
    // to the data on the placeholder node.
    vm.$vnode = _parentVnode
    // render self
    let vnode
    try {
      // There's no need to maintain a stack because all render fns are called
      // separately from one another. Nested component's render fns are called
      // when parent component is patched.
      currentRenderingInstance = vm
      vnode = render.call(vm._renderProxy, vm.$createElement)
    } catch (e) {
      handleError(e, vm, `render`)
      // return error render result,
      // or previous vnode to prevent render error causing blank component
      /* istanbul ignore else */
      if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && vm.$options.renderError) {
        try {
          vnode = vm.$options.renderError.call(vm._renderProxy, vm.$createElement, e)
        } catch (e) {
          handleError(e, vm, `renderError`)
          vnode = vm._vnode
        }
      } else {
        vnode = vm._vnode
      }
    } finally {
      currentRenderingInstance = null
    }
    // if the returned array contains only a single node, allow it
    if (Array.isArray(vnode) && vnode.length === 1) {
      vnode = vnode[0]
    }
    // return empty vnode in case the render function errored out
    if (!(vnode instanceof VNode)) {
      if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && Array.isArray(vnode)) {
        warn(
          'Multiple root nodes returned from render function. Render function ' +
          'should return a single root node.',
          vm
        )
      }
      vnode = createEmptyVNode()
    }
    // set parent
    vnode.parent = _parentVnode
    return vnode
  }

可以看到vm.$vnode 就是父vnode,然后到这句话:

vnode = render.call(vm._renderProxy, vm.$createElement)

也就是说,我们平常通过render函数生成组件的参数createElement就是这个$createElement。再看这个$createElement:

  // internal version is used by render functions compiled from templates
  vm._c = (a, b, c, d) => createElement(vm, a, b, c, d, false)
  // normalization is always applied for the public version, used in
  // user-written render functions.
  vm.$createElement = (a, b, c, d) => createElement(vm, a, b, c, d, true)

这里说下,这个._c是我们将我们那些vue单文件转成vnode的方法,$createElement 是将我们手写的render转化为vnode的方法。
那在讲createElement 方法之前,先看下Vdom的概念:

[Visual DOM]

【背景】因为DOM对象本身的属性巨多。。。。,频繁的直接操作DOM(创建和删除等)会有一些性能上的开销。因此想通过MVVM框架进行自动操作DOM必定需要一个算法,尽可能地少操作DOM。但是算法需要很多DOM的信息,因此就诞生了Visual DOM这个概念.
Visual DOM是一个用来描述DOM“关键信息”的JS对象,他的类的定义在src\core\vdom\vnode.js

/* @flow */

export default class VNode {
  tag: string | void;
  data: VNodeData | void;
  children: ?Array<VNode>;
  text: string | void;
  elm: Node | void;
  ns: string | void;
  context: Component | void; // rendered in this component's scope
  key: string | number | void;
  componentOptions: VNodeComponentOptions | void;
  componentInstance: Component | void; // component instance
  parent: VNode | void; // component placeholder node

  // strictly internal
  raw: boolean; // contains raw HTML? (server only)
  isStatic: boolean; // hoisted static node
  isRootInsert: boolean; // necessary for enter transition check
  isComment: boolean; // empty comment placeholder?
  isCloned: boolean; // is a cloned node?
  isOnce: boolean; // is a v-once node?
  asyncFactory: Function | void; // async component factory function
  asyncMeta: Object | void;
  isAsyncPlaceholder: boolean;
  ssrContext: Object | void;
  fnContext: Component | void; // real context vm for functional nodes
  fnOptions: ?ComponentOptions; // for SSR caching
  devtoolsMeta: ?Object; // used to store functional render context for devtools
  fnScopeId: ?string; // functional scope id support

  constructor (
    tag?: string,
    data?: VNodeData,
    children?: ?Array<VNode>,
    text?: string,
    elm?: Node,
    context?: Component,
    componentOptions?: VNodeComponentOptions,
    asyncFactory?: Function
  ) {
    this.tag = tag
    this.data = data
    this.children = children
    this.text = text
    this.elm = elm
    this.ns = undefined
    this.context = context
    this.fnContext = undefined
    this.fnOptions = undefined
    this.fnScopeId = undefined
    this.key = data && data.key
    this.componentOptions = componentOptions
    this.componentInstance = undefined
    this.parent = undefined
    this.raw = false
    this.isStatic = false
    this.isRootInsert = true
    this.isComment = false
    this.isCloned = false
    this.isOnce = false
    this.asyncFactory = asyncFactory
    this.asyncMeta = undefined
    this.isAsyncPlaceholder = false
  }

  // DEPRECATED: alias for componentInstance for backwards compat.
  /* istanbul ignore next */
  get child (): Component | void {
    return this.componentInstance
  }
}

export const createEmptyVNode = (text: string = '') => {
  const node = new VNode()
  node.text = text
  node.isComment = true
  return node
}

export function createTextVNode (val: string | number) {
  return new VNode(undefined, undefined, undefined, String(val))
}

// optimized shallow clone
// used for static nodes and slot nodes because they may be reused across
// multiple renders, cloning them avoids errors when DOM manipulations rely
// on their elm reference.
export function cloneVNode (vnode: VNode): VNode {
  const cloned = new VNode(
    vnode.tag,
    vnode.data,
    // #7975
    // clone children array to avoid mutating original in case of cloning
    // a child.
    vnode.children && vnode.children.slice(),
    vnode.text,
    vnode.elm,
    vnode.context,
    vnode.componentOptions,
    vnode.asyncFactory
  )
  cloned.ns = vnode.ns
  cloned.isStatic = vnode.isStatic
  cloned.key = vnode.key
  cloned.isComment = vnode.isComment
  cloned.fnContext = vnode.fnContext
  cloned.fnOptions = vnode.fnOptions
  cloned.fnScopeId = vnode.fnScopeId
  cloned.asyncMeta = vnode.asyncMeta
  cloned.isCloned = true
  return cloned
}
虽然属性很多,其实大多是用来丰富Vnode特性的,就几个是重要的。

接着讲createElement

[createElement]

/* @flow */

import config from '../config'
import VNode, { createEmptyVNode } from './vnode'
import { createComponent } from './create-component'
import { traverse } from '../observer/traverse'

import {
  warn,
  isDef,
  isUndef,
  isTrue,
  isObject,
  isPrimitive,
  resolveAsset
} from '../util/index'

import {
  normalizeChildren,
  simpleNormalizeChildren
} from './helpers/index'

const SIMPLE_NORMALIZE = 1
const ALWAYS_NORMALIZE = 2

// wrapper function for providing a more flexible interface
// without getting yelled at by flow
export function createElement (
  context: Component,
  tag: any,
  data: any,
  children: any,
  normalizationType: any,
  alwaysNormalize: boolean
): VNode | Array<VNode> {
  if (Array.isArray(data) || isPrimitive(data)) {
    normalizationType = children
    children = data
    data = undefined
  }
  if (isTrue(alwaysNormalize)) {
    normalizationType = ALWAYS_NORMALIZE
  }
  return _createElement(context, tag, data, children, normalizationType)
}

export function _createElement (
  context: Component,
  tag?: string | Class<Component> | Function | Object,
  data?: VNodeData,
  children?: any,
  normalizationType?: number
): VNode | Array<VNode> {
  if (isDef(data) && isDef((data: any).__ob__)) {
    process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && warn(
      `Avoid using observed data object as vnode data: ${JSON.stringify(data)}\n` +
      'Always create fresh vnode data objects in each render!',
      context
    )
    return createEmptyVNode()
  }
  // object syntax in v-bind
  if (isDef(data) && isDef(data.is)) {
    tag = data.is
  }
  if (!tag) {
    // in case of component :is set to falsy value
    return createEmptyVNode()
  }
  // warn against non-primitive key
  if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' &&
    isDef(data) && isDef(data.key) && !isPrimitive(data.key)
  ) {
    if (!__WEEX__ || !('@binding' in data.key)) {
      warn(
        'Avoid using non-primitive value as key, ' +
        'use string/number value instead.',
        context
      )
    }
  }
  // support single function children as default scoped slot
  if (Array.isArray(children) &&
    typeof children[0] === 'function'
  ) {
    data = data || {}
    data.scopedSlots = { default: children[0] }
    children.length = 0
  }
  if (normalizationType === ALWAYS_NORMALIZE) {
    children = normalizeChildren(children)
  } else if (normalizationType === SIMPLE_NORMALIZE) {
    children = simpleNormalizeChildren(children)
  }
  let vnode, ns
  if (typeof tag === 'string') {
    let Ctor
    ns = (context.$vnode && context.$vnode.ns) || config.getTagNamespace(tag)
    if (config.isReservedTag(tag)) {
      // platform built-in elements
      if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && isDef(data) && isDef(data.nativeOn)) {
        warn(
          `The .native modifier for v-on is only valid on components but it was used on <${tag}>.`,
          context
        )
      }
      vnode = new VNode(
        config.parsePlatformTagName(tag), data, children,
        undefined, undefined, context
      )
    } else if ((!data || !data.pre) && isDef(Ctor = resolveAsset(context.$options, 'components', tag))) {
      // component
      vnode = createComponent(Ctor, data, context, children, tag)
    } else {
      // unknown or unlisted namespaced elements
      // check at runtime because it may get assigned a namespace when its
      // parent normalizes children
      vnode = new VNode(
        tag, data, children,
        undefined, undefined, context
      )
    }
  } else {
    // direct component options / constructor
    vnode = createComponent(tag, data, context, children)
  }
  if (Array.isArray(vnode)) {
    return vnode
  } else if (isDef(vnode)) {
    if (isDef(ns)) applyNS(vnode, ns)
    if (isDef(data)) registerDeepBindings(data)
    return vnode
  } else {
    return createEmptyVNode()
  }
}

function applyNS (vnode, ns, force) {
  vnode.ns = ns
  if (vnode.tag === 'foreignObject') {
    // use default namespace inside foreignObject
    ns = undefined
    force = true
  }
  if (isDef(vnode.children)) {
    for (let i = 0, l = vnode.children.length; i < l; i++) {
      const child = vnode.children[i]
      if (isDef(child.tag) && (
        isUndef(child.ns) || (isTrue(force) && child.tag !== 'svg'))) {
        applyNS(child, ns, force)
      }
    }
  }
}

// ref #5318
// necessary to ensure parent re-render when deep bindings like :style and
// :class are used on slot nodes
function registerDeepBindings (data) {
  if (isObject(data.style)) {
    traverse(data.style)
  }
  if (isObject(data.class)) {
    traverse(data.class)
  }
}

可以看到createElement 就是对_createElement 做了一层封装,允许更灵活的传入参数。
_createElement 边边角角的东西很多,我们只看中点的两个流程:

  1. 格式化children
  2. 创建vnode
格式化children

这里可以看到根据normalizationType,我们分别按照normalizeChildren和simpleNormalizeChildren格式化成vNode类型。

export function simpleNormalizeChildren (children: any) {
  for (let i = 0; i < children.length; i++) {
    if (Array.isArray(children[i])) {
      return Array.prototype.concat.apply([], children)
    }
  }
  return children
}

// 2. When the children contains constructs that always generated nested Arrays,
// e.g. <template>, <slot>, v-for, or when the children is provided by user
// with hand-written render functions / JSX. In such cases a full normalization
// is needed to cater to all possible types of children values.
export function normalizeChildren (children: any): ?Array<VNode> {
  return isPrimitive(children)
    ? [createTextVNode(children)]
    : Array.isArray(children)
      ? normalizeArrayChildren(children)
      : undefined
}

normalizeChildren 主要有2中场景:

  1. 当只有一个节点的时候,允许用户传入一个基础类型。这个时候会通过createTextVNode创建一个文本节点。
  2. 当编译slot, v-for会产生嵌套数组的情况,这个时候通过normalizeChildren来格式化:
function normalizeArrayChildren (children: any, nestedIndex?: string): Array<VNode> {
  const res = []
  let i, c, lastIndex, last
  for (i = 0; i < children.length; i++) {
    c = children[i]
    if (isUndef(c) || typeof c === 'boolean') continue
    lastIndex = res.length - 1
    last = res[lastIndex]
    //  nested
    if (Array.isArray(c)) {
      if (c.length > 0) {
        c = normalizeArrayChildren(c, `${nestedIndex || ''}_${i}`)
        // merge adjacent text nodes
        if (isTextNode(c[0]) && isTextNode(last)) {
          res[lastIndex] = createTextVNode(last.text + (c[0]: any).text)
          c.shift()
        }
        res.push.apply(res, c)
      }
    } else if (isPrimitive(c)) {
      if (isTextNode(last)) {
        // merge adjacent text nodes
        // this is necessary for SSR hydration because text nodes are
        // essentially merged when rendered to HTML strings
        res[lastIndex] = createTextVNode(last.text + c)
      } else if (c !== '') {
        // convert primitive to vnode
        res.push(createTextVNode(c))
      }
    } else {
      if (isTextNode(c) && isTextNode(last)) {
        // merge adjacent text nodes
        res[lastIndex] = createTextVNode(last.text + c.text)
      } else {
        // default key for nested array children (likely generated by v-for)
        if (isTrue(children._isVList) &&
          isDef(c.tag) &&
          isUndef(c.key) &&
          isDef(nestedIndex)) {
          c.key = `__vlist${nestedIndex}_${i}__`
        }
        res.push(c)
      }
    }
  }
  return res
}

可以看到normalizeArrayChildren接受2个参数,一个是children,一个是嵌套索引。然后开始遍历children,如果单个节点c是数组,则继续遍历,如果基本类型则创建成文本节点,否则本身就是一个vnode类型 ,这个时候如果child是一个里列表还要更新它的key。
以上三个条件内,都会对2个连续text节点合并成一个text节点。
再来看simpleNormalizeChildren:

export function simpleNormalizeChildren (children: any) {
  for (let i = 0; i < children.length; i++) {
    if (Array.isArray(children[i])) {
      return Array.prototype.concat.apply([], children)
    }
  }
  return children
}

这主要是因为我们通过编译生成的children是正常的的vNode类型,但是通过函数式组件,我们返回的children是一个数组。因此我们需要打平数组。
这样一来我们就得到了类型为vNode的数组。

创建vnode
  if (typeof tag === 'string') {
    let Ctor
    ns = (context.$vnode && context.$vnode.ns) || config.getTagNamespace(tag)
    if (config.isReservedTag(tag)) {
      // platform built-in elements
      if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && isDef(data) && isDef(data.nativeOn)) {
        warn(
          `The .native modifier for v-on is only valid on components but it was used on <${tag}>.`,
          context
        )
      }
      vnode = new VNode(
        config.parsePlatformTagName(tag), data, children,
        undefined, undefined, context
      )
    } else if ((!data || !data.pre) && isDef(Ctor = resolveAsset(context.$options, 'components', tag))) {
      // component
      vnode = createComponent(Ctor, data, context, children, tag)
    } else {
      // unknown or unlisted namespaced elements
      // check at runtime because it may get assigned a namespace when its
      // parent normalizes children
      vnode = new VNode(
        tag, data, children,
        undefined, undefined, context
      )
    }
  } else {
    // direct component options / constructor
    vnode = createComponent(tag, data, context, children)
  }

大体逻辑就是如果tag是一个字符串类型,则判断是一个保留的标签,是则创建一个普通的vnode节点,如果是一个已经注册的组件,这通过createComponent创建vnode,否则创建一个未知标签的vnode。如果不是字符串则通过createComponent创建vnode。这样一来每个vnode和它的children都是vnode类型,就可以很好地描述DOM Tree了。

[update(src\core\instance\lifecycle.js)]

update的作用就是讲vnode渲染成真是的DOM。
update的核心就是调用了patch方法(src\core\vdom\patch.js)

  return function patch (oldVnode, vnode, hydrating, removeOnly) {
    //   console.log(123)
    if (isUndef(vnode)) {
      if (isDef(oldVnode)) invokeDestroyHook(oldVnode)
      return
    }

    let isInitialPatch = false
    const insertedVnodeQueue = []

    if (isUndef(oldVnode)) {
      // empty mount (likely as component), create new root element
      isInitialPatch = true
      createElm(vnode, insertedVnodeQueue)
    } else {
      const isRealElement = isDef(oldVnode.nodeType)
      if (!isRealElement && sameVnode(oldVnode, vnode)) {
        // patch existing root node
        patchVnode(oldVnode, vnode, insertedVnodeQueue, null, null, removeOnly)
      } else {
        if (isRealElement) {
          // mounting to a real element
          // check if this is server-rendered content and if we can perform
          // a successful hydration.
          if (oldVnode.nodeType === 1 && oldVnode.hasAttribute(SSR_ATTR)) {
            oldVnode.removeAttribute(SSR_ATTR)
            hydrating = true
          }
          if (isTrue(hydrating)) {
            if (hydrate(oldVnode, vnode, insertedVnodeQueue)) {
              invokeInsertHook(vnode, insertedVnodeQueue, true)
              return oldVnode
            } else if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
              warn(
                'The client-side rendered virtual DOM tree is not matching ' +
                'server-rendered content. This is likely caused by incorrect ' +
                'HTML markup, for example nesting block-level elements inside ' +
                '<p>, or missing <tbody>. Bailing hydration and performing ' +
                'full client-side render.'
              )
            }
          }
          // either not server-rendered, or hydration failed.
          // create an empty node and replace it
          oldVnode = emptyNodeAt(oldVnode)
        }

        // replacing existing element
        const oldElm = oldVnode.elm
        const parentElm = nodeOps.parentNode(oldElm)//找了oldELm的父node(实际上的DOM元素)

        // create new node
        createElm(
          vnode,
          insertedVnodeQueue,
          // extremely rare edge case: do not insert if old element is in a
          // leaving transition. Only happens when combining transition +
          // keep-alive + HOCs. (#4590)
          oldElm._leaveCb ? null : parentElm,
          nodeOps.nextSibling(oldElm)
        )

        // update parent placeholder node element, recursively
        if (isDef(vnode.parent)) {
          let ancestor = vnode.parent
          const patchable = isPatchable(vnode)
          while (ancestor) {
            for (let i = 0; i < cbs.destroy.length; ++i) {
              cbs.destroy[i](ancestor)
            }
            ancestor.elm = vnode.elm
            if (patchable) {
              for (let i = 0; i < cbs.create.length; ++i) {
                cbs.create[i](emptyNode, ancestor)
              }
              // #6513
              // invoke insert hooks that may have been merged by create hooks.
              // e.g. for directives that uses the "inserted" hook.
              const insert = ancestor.data.hook.insert
              if (insert.merged) {
                // start at index 1 to avoid re-invoking component mounted hook
                for (let i = 1; i < insert.fns.length; i++) {
                  insert.fns[i]()
                }
              }
            } else {
              registerRef(ancestor)
            }
            ancestor = ancestor.parent
          }
        }

        // destroy old node
        if (isDef(parentElm)) {
          removeVnodes([oldVnode], 0, 0)
        } else if (isDef(oldVnode.tag)) {
          invokeDestroyHook(oldVnode)
        }
      }
    }

    invokeInsertHook(vnode, insertedVnodeQueue, isInitialPatch)
    return vnode.elm
  }

patch的方法分为首次path和数据更新的时候patch,这里先将首次patch,之后在响应式系统的时候再讲数据更新时候的patch。当然目前都不先讲SSR得情况。所以阅读源码的时候,不必要的分支直接跳过。
可以看到patch总共做了如下几个事情:

  1. 通过
oldVnode = emptyNodeAt(oldVnode)

将oldVnode转成vNode类型。然后就可以拿到真实的DOM元素:

const oldElm = oldVnode.elm

然后通过createElm方法渲染成真实的DOM,看其定义:

  function createElm (
    vnode,
    insertedVnodeQueue,
    parentElm,
    refElm,
    nested,
    ownerArray,
    index
  ) {
    if (isDef(vnode.elm) && isDef(ownerArray)) {
      // This vnode was used in a previous render!
      // now it's used as a new node, overwriting its elm would cause
      // potential patch errors down the road when it's used as an insertion
      // reference node. Instead, we clone the node on-demand before creating
      // associated DOM element for it.
      vnode = ownerArray[index] = cloneVNode(vnode)//根据DOM元素按需拷贝vnode
    }

    vnode.isRootInsert = !nested // for transition enter check
    if (createComponent(vnode, insertedVnodeQueue, parentElm, refElm)) {
      return
    }

    const data = vnode.data
    const children = vnode.children
    const tag = vnode.tag
    if (isDef(tag)) {//之前版本的元素累积计数
      if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
        if (data && data.pre) {
          creatingElmInVPre++
        }
        if (isUnknownElement(vnode, creatingElmInVPre)) {
          warn(
            'Unknown custom element: <' + tag + '> - did you ' +
            'register the component correctly? For recursive components, ' +
            'make sure to provide the "name" option.',
            vnode.context
          )
        }
      }

      vnode.elm = vnode.ns
        ? nodeOps.createElementNS(vnode.ns, tag)//创建有命名空间的元素
        : nodeOps.createElement(tag, vnode)
      setScope(vnode)

      /* istanbul ignore if */
      if (__WEEX__) {
        // in Weex, the default insertion order is parent-first.
        // List items can be optimized to use children-first insertion
        // with append="tree".
        const appendAsTree = isDef(data) && isTrue(data.appendAsTree)
        if (!appendAsTree) {
          if (isDef(data)) {
            invokeCreateHooks(vnode, insertedVnodeQueue)
          }
          insert(parentElm, vnode.elm, refElm)
        }
        createChildren(vnode, children, insertedVnodeQueue)
        if (appendAsTree) {
          if (isDef(data)) {
            invokeCreateHooks(vnode, insertedVnodeQueue)
          }
          insert(parentElm, vnode.elm, refElm)
        }
      } else {
        createChildren(vnode, children, insertedVnodeQueue)
        if (isDef(data)) {
          invokeCreateHooks(vnode, insertedVnodeQueue)
        }
        insert(parentElm, vnode.elm, refElm)
      }

      if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && data && data.pre) {
        creatingElmInVPre--
      }
    } else if (isTrue(vnode.isComment)) {
      vnode.elm = nodeOps.createComment(vnode.text)
      insert(parentElm, vnode.elm, refElm)
    } else {
      vnode.elm = nodeOps.createTextNode(vnode.text)
      insert(parentElm, vnode.elm, refElm)
    }
  }

首先说明下options的所有方法都在src\platforms\web\runtime\node-ops.js中。
这里的主要逻辑是先判断是否存在tag,如果存在,根据ns(命名空间)通过createElementNS或者createElement创建一个DOM赋值给vnode.elm。
然后通过createChildren创建子节点,其实就是递归通过createElm创建子节点并添加到父节点后面。加入不存在tag,那么如果是注释节点则通过insert插入,否则作为文本节点插入。

总结:

释疑:

那为什么不用class来写vue而是用构造函数的形式呢?
这是因为Vue这个对象的方法太多了,很多都需要放在不同的模块来写的,在不同的模块我只要在vue的prototype上去添加方法就好了。如果是class,就不好添加了,只能在一个class上添加,继承的话调用的也是其他class了,所以采用构造函数的形式。

整体流程:

new Vue => init => $mount => compile => render => vnode => update(patch) => dom

new Vue & init:

混入了一些全局方法

$mount
  1. 调用render函数,没有则创建一个
  2. 调用beforeMount,beforeUpdate,mounted钩子
  3. 通过update方法渲染dom
  4. 返回vm
render

render就是createElement方法

Visual DOM

一个描述DOM的类

createElement
  1. 格式化children
  2. 创建vnode
update
  1. 其本质就是调用了patch方法
  2. patch方法就是将vnode遍历创建DOM并插入(中间处理了文本节点,注释节点)

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