Text 4

第1段 直觉在社交中的作用之一

We're fairly good at judging people based on first impressions, thin slices of experience ranging from a glimpse of a photo to a five-minute interaction,and deliberation can be not only extraneous but intrusive. 我们很擅长根据第一印象瞥一眼照片互动五分钟等，一些短暂经历来评判他人，而仔细思考不仅毫无必要，同时也可能具有干扰性。

⭐In one study of the ability she called "thin slicing"， the late psychologist Nalini Ambady asked participants to watch silent 10-second video clips of professors and to rate the instructor's overall effectiveness.

在一项名为薄片摄取的能力研究中，已故心理学家参观者观看十秒钟有关教授的无声影视片段并对其授课效果进行整体评价。

Their ratings correlated strongly with students' end-of-semester ratings.

参与者的评价与学生期末评价相差无几

Another set of participants had to count backward from 1,000 by nines as they watched the clips, occupying their conscious working memory. 另一组参与者在观看视频要从100开始每次减去9进行倒数这就占据了他们的有意识工作记忆

Their ratings were just as accurate,demonstrating the intuitive nature of the social processing.

该组参与者的评价也将同样准确证明了社交处理中的直觉本质

36.Nalini Ambaby's study deals with_____.

[A] instructor student interaction 师生交流

[B] the power of people memory

 [C] the reliability of first impression

D] People's ability to influence others. × 无中生有

答案∶C

第2段 关注细节会影响判断

Critically, another group was asked to spend a minute ⭐writing down reasons for their judgment⭐,before giving the rating. 关键是，还有一组参与者被要求先一分钟，写下他们的判断理由，再给出评价。

Accuracy dropped dramatically. 结果准确性大幅下降。

Ambady suspected that deliberation focused them on vivid but misleading cues, such as certain gestures or utterances, rather than letting the complex interplay of subtle signals form a holistic impression.诶米怀疑，仔细思考让他们把注意力集中在生动但具有错误性的提示上，例如某些手势或话，语而非通过细微信号之间的复杂相互作用，形成一个整体印象。

She found similar interference when participants watched 15-second clips of pairs of people and judged whether they were strangers, friends, or dating partners.

参与者还观看了几个片长15秒的视频片段，视频中的人成对出现然后，参与者判断他们的陌生人朋友还是约会对象，他发现这时会出现相似的干扰。

37.In Ambaby's study rating accuracy dropped when participants_____.根据研究当参与者什么样的时候评价的准确性降低了 错因：题眼句找错了，并且干扰选项没仔细理解与原文区别。

 [A] gave the rating in limited time 在限定时间给出评价 × 无中生有

[B] focused on specific detail 关注具体细节 原替换：writing down reasons for their judgment

[C] watched shorter video clips 观看更短的电影片段 × 原文watched 15-second clips 没说更短

 [D] discussed with on another 相互讨论 × 无中生有

答案∶B

第3段：

⭐Other research shows we're better at detecting deception and sexual orientation from thin slices when we rely on intuition instead of reflection.（结论观点）其他研究表明，当我们依靠直觉而不是仔细思考时，我们更善于从细枝末节觉察到欺骗。

例子："It's as if you're driving a stick shift," says Judith Hall, a psychologist at Northeaster University,"and if you start thinking about it too much,you can't remember what you're doing.But if you go on automatic pilot,you're fine. Much of our social life is like that."

这就好像，你在驾驶手动挡汽车，心理学家海伦说：一旦你开始想的太多，你就会记不得自己在做，什么但如果只是下意识操作，就不会有问题，我们大部分的社交生活都是这样的。

38.Judith Hall mentions driving to mention that_____.朱迪提到驾驶是为了证明什么 【例证题-找题眼句外】

 [A] memory can be selective 选择性记忆

 [B] reflection can be distracting 反应会被干扰

 [C] social skills must be cultivate 社交技能能被培养 × 无中生有

 [D] deception is difficult to detect 欺骗很难觉察

 答案∶B

第4段

Thinking too much can also harm our ability to form preferences.

想太多也会损害我们形成偏好的能力。

College students' ratings of strawberry jams and college courses aligned better with experts' opinions when the students weren't asked to analyze their rationale.

如果没有要求学生分析他们对草莓酱和大学课程的评价，那么他们对这些课程的评价与专家的评价更接近。

♥And people made car-buying decisions that were both objectively better and more personally satisfying when asked to focus on their feelings rather than on details, but only if the decision was complex👁—when they had a lot of information to process.

当人们被要求关注自己的感受而不是细节时，他们做出的购车决定在客观上和个人上都更令人满意，但前提是决策很复杂——当他们有很多信息需要处理时

39.When you are making complex decisions it is advisable to_____. 👁

[A] follow your feelings

[B] list your preference 列出偏好 × 无中生有

[C] Seek expert advice 寻找专家建议 × 无中生有

[D] collect enough data  收集足够信息 × 无中生有

答案∶A

第5段：

Intuition's special powers are unleashed only in certain circumstances.

直觉的特殊力量只有在某些情况下才会释放出来。

 In one study, participants completed a battery of eight tasks, including four that tapped reflective thinking(discerning rules, comprehending vocabulary)and four that tapped intuition and creativity(generating new products or figures of speech).

在一项研究中，参与者完成了一组八项任务，其中四项涉及反思思维(识别规则、理解词汇)，四项涉及直觉和创造力(生成新产品或修辞)。

Then they rated the degree to which they had used intuition(gut feelings,""hunches,""my heart").

然后，他们对自己使用直觉(直觉、“预感”、“我的心”)的程度进行评级。

♥ Use of their gut hurt their performance on the first four tasks,as expected,and helped them on the rest. Sometimes the heart is smarter than the head.

正如预期的那样，使用他们的直觉会影响他们在前四项任务中的表现，但却会帮助他们完成余下的任务。 有时候心比头脑聪明。

40.what can we ear from the last paragraph

[A] Intuition may affect reflective tasks  直觉可能会影响反思任务

[B] Generating new products takes time  生成新产品需要时间

[C] Vocabulary comprehension needs creativity 词汇理解需要创造性

[D] Objective thinking may boost inventiveness 客观思考可以促进发明创造

答案∶A

rating 评价

range 变化

glimpse一瞥

interaction 互动

⭐deliberation 仔细考虑

⭐extaneous 无关的

⭐intrusive 侵入

participant 参与者

clip 电影片段

instructor 教师

effectiveness 有效

correlate 关联

semester 学期

count backword 倒数

occupy占据

accurate 准确

demonstrate 证明

intuitive 直觉

critically  极为重要

accuracy 准确性

suspect 怀疑

vivid 生动

gesture 手势

utteranc话语

interplay 相互作用

subtle微妙的

holistic 整体

interference 干扰

detect 觉察

deception 欺骗

intuition 直觉

reflection 沉思

stick shift 汽车手排挡

on automatic pilot 下意识

preference 偏好

strawberry jam 草莓酱

align with 匹配

rationale 根本原因

objectively  客观的

process 处理

unleash 释放

circumstance 环境

a battery of 一系列

tap 利用

reflective沉思

discern 辨别

generate产生

degree 程度

gut直觉

hunch预感

cultivate培养