1、通过http的请求状态来确定请求的目的(自己的理解)
2、RESTful架构风格规定,数据的元操作,即CRUD(create, read, update和delete,即数据的增删查改)操作,分别对应于HTTP方法:GET用来获取资源,POST用来新建资源(也可以用于更新资源),PUT用来更新资源,DELETE用来删除资源,这样就统一了数据操作的接口,仅通过HTTP方法,就可以完成对数据的所有增删查改工作。
- GET用来获取资源
- POST用来创建新资源
- PUT用来更新资源
- DELETE用来删除资源
比如:
- /order/1 HTTP GET :得到id = 1 的 order
- /order/1 HTTP DELETE: 删除 id=1 的order
- /order/1 HTTP PUT : 更新id = 1的 order
- /order/1 HTTP POST : 新增 order
3、浏览器form表单只支持GET和POST,不支持DELETE和PUT请求,Spring添加了一个HiddenHttpMethodFilter过滤器,可以将这些请求转换为标准的http方法,支持GET,POST,DELETE,PUT请求!
4、web.xml添加HiddenHttpMethodFilter配置
<filter>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
5、一个RESTful架构风格的例子
5.1、配置pom.xml
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.0.8.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>5.0.8.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring的核心工具包-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>5.0.8.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!--在基础IOC功能上提供扩展服务,还提供许多企业级服务的支持,有邮件服务、任务调度、远程访问、缓存以及多种视图层框架的支持-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>5.0.8.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring IOC的基础实现,包含访问配置文件、创建和管理bean等 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>5.0.8.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring context的扩展支持,用于MVC方面 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>5.0.8.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring表达式语言 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
<version>5.0.8.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!--springAop开发必须加入的包-->
<dependency>
<groupId>aopalliance</groupId>
<artifactId>aopalliance</artifactId>
<version>1.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
<version>1.8.13</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>5.0.8.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>5.0.8.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
5.2、配置web.xml
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" version="2.5">
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springMvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!--加载spring配置文件,原来是通过 ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springMvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!--处理post乱码-->
<filter>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>
org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter
</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>utf-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!--Resultful风格 添加了一个过滤器,可以将这些请求转换为标准的http方法,支持GET,POST,DELETE,PUT请求!-->
<filter>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
5.3、配置spring.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
">
<!--扫描controller-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com"></context:component-scan>
<!--视图解析器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<!--jsp所在位置-->
<property name="prefix" value="/"></property>
<!--jsp文件后缀名-->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
5.4、index.jsp和success.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<body>
<h2>Hello World!</h2>
get:<a href="/test/order">get</a><br>
post:<form method="post" action="/test/order">
<input type="submit" value="post">
</form><br>
put:<form method="post" action="/test/order">
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="put">
<input type="submit" value="put">
</form><br>
delete:<form method="post" action="/test/order">
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="delete">
<input type="submit" value="delete">
</form>
</body>
</html>
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: Mr Wei
Date: 2020/10/28
Time: 13:54
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" isELIgnored="false" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>测试成功!</h1>
</body>
</html>
5.5、TestController测试类
package com.fan.controller;
import com.sun.net.httpserver.Authenticator;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
@Controller
public class TestController {
@GetMapping("/test/order")
@RequestMapping(value = "/test/order",method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String test11(){
System.out.println("get--/test/order");
return "success";
}
@PostMapping("/test/order")
@RequestMapping(value = "/test/order",method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String test22(){
System.out.println("post--/test/order");
return "success";
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/test/order",method = RequestMethod.PUT)
public String test33(){
System.out.println("put--/test/order");
return "redirect:/success.jsp";
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/test/order",method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
public String test44(){
System.out.println("delete--/test/order");
return "redirect:/success.jsp";
}
}