使用之前得安装好对应浏览器版本的驱动
chrome:https://sites.google.com/a/chromium.org/chromedriver/downloads
打开浏览器
from selenium import webdriver
# 启动一个chrome浏览器
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
你会看到浏览器是这样的
chrome
# 关闭浏览器
browser.close()
其他浏览器：
webdriver.Firefox()webdriver.Safari()webdriver.Ie()webdriver.Opera()webdriver.Edge()
发送请求
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get("http://www.python.org")
image.png
输入字符,回车
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
# 通过id查找单个元素，多个元素用find_elements_by_class
input_ = browser.find_element_by_id('id-search-field')
# 给元素输入selenium
input_.send_keys('selenium')
# 回车
input_.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
python/selenium
页面源码
browser.page_source
获取cookies
browser.get_cookies()
Out:
[{'domain': '.python.org',
'expiry': 1604929261,
'httpOnly': False,
'name': '__utma',
'path': '/',
'secure': False,
'value': '32101439.1472864258.1541857261.1541857261.1541857261.1'},
{'domain': '.python.org',
'httpOnly': False,
'name': '__utmc',
'path': '/',
'secure': False,
'value': '32101439'},
{'domain': '.python.org',
'expiry': 1541859061,
'httpOnly': False,
'name': '__utmb',
'path': '/',
'secure': False,
'value': '32101439.1.10.1541857261'},
{'domain': '.python.org',
'expiry': 1557625261,
'httpOnly': False,
'name': '__utmz',
'path': '/',
'secure': False,
'value': '32101439.1541857261.1.1.utmcsr=(direct)|utmccn=(direct)|utmcmd=(none)'},
{'domain': '.python.org',
'expiry': 1541857861,
'httpOnly': False,
'name': '__utmt',
'path': '/',
'secure': False,
'value': '1'}]
当前url
browser.current_url
Out:
'https://www.python.org/'
简单交互
-
element.send_keys('hello')输入hello -
element.clear()清空收入框 -
element.send_keys('Keys.ENTER')回车键 -
button.click()点击按钮
跳转框架
browser.switch_to_frame('framename')跳到子框架
browser.switch_to.parent_frame()跳回父框架
拖拽
# 导入机械臂，个人叫法
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
browser.get('http://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable')
browser.switch_to_frame('iframeResult')
source = browser.find_element_by_id('draggable')
target = browser.find_element_by_id('droppable')
# 实例化一个机械臂
active = ActionChains(browser)
# 设定目标
active.drag_and_drop(source, target)
# 执行
active.perform()
image.png
执行JavaScript
# 弹窗
browser.execute_script('alert("python data")')
# 调用js达到下拉进度条
browser.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight)")
获取属性
nav = browser.find_element_by_id('mainnav')
print(nav.get_attribute('class'))
Out:
python-navigation main-navigation do-not-print
get_attribute
获取文本
print(nav.text)
div = browser.find_element_by_class_name('slide-copy')
print(div.find_element_by_tag_name('h1').text)
Out:
About
Downloads
Documentation
Community
Success Stories
News
Events
Functions Defined
获取元素信息
print(div.location)
print(div.size)
print(div.tag_name)
print(div.id)
Out:
{'x': 0, 'y': 109}
{'height': 0, 'width': 0}
div
0.44500430680309555-2
隐式等待
# 等待10秒，默认0
browser.implicitly_wait(10)
显示等待
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
# 等待浏览器
wait = WebDriverWait(browser, 10)
# 查找元素
input_ = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'q')))
# 查找按钮
button = wait.until(EC.element_located_to_be_selected((By.CSS_SELECTOR, '#par')))
前进后退
browser.back()browser.forward()-
browser.sleep(1)睡眠
cookie
browser.add_cookie({})browser.delete_cookie("")browser.delete_all_cookies()
选项卡管理
# 打开新选项卡
browser.execute_script('window.open()')
# 跳转选项卡
browser.switch_to_window(browser.window_handles[0])
# 关闭好像实现不了
browser.execute_script('window.close()')
异常处理
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException, NoSuchElementException
