简介：

功能：打开，导入，导出，引用，保存或者重命名文件

示例：

首先导入模块

import maya.cmds as cmds

保存现有场景格式为scii名字为fred.ma

# save the current scene to an ascii file named "fred.ma"
cmds.file( rename='fred.ma' )
cmds.file( save=True, type='mayaAscii' )

# save the current scene to an ascii file without the ".ma" extension
#
cmds.file( rename='tmp' )
cmds.file( save=True, defaultExtensions=False, type='mayaAscii' )

# open the file fred.ma, using the default load settings. Any references will
# be brought in in the same state they were in when fred.ma was last saved.
#
cmds.file( 'fred.ma', open=True )

# reference the file wilma.ma
#
cmds.file( 'C:/mystuff/wilma.mb', reference=True )

# reference the file barney.mb into a namespace called "rubble".
#
cmds.file( 'C:/maya/projects/default/scenes/barney.ma', reference=True, type='mayaAscii', namespace='rubble' )

# change the namespace containing barney.mb.
#
cmds.file( 'C:/maya/projects/default/scenes/barney.ma', edit=True, namespace='purpleDinosaur' )

# retrieve a string array of all files such as main scene and reference files in the scene
#
cmds.file( query=True, list=True )
# Result: C:/maya/projects/default/scenes/fred.ma C:/mystuff/wilma.mb C:/maya/projects/default/scenes/barney.ma

# Select "betty" and export betty to a separate file called "betty.mb".
# Reference the new betty file into this scene, replacing the
# previous betty object from this scene with the reference to betty.
#
cmds.file( 'c:/mystuff/betty.mb', type='mayaBinary', namespace='rubble', exportAsReference=True )

# Select all the objects associated with file betty.mb
#
cmds.file( 'c:/mystuff/betty.mb', selectAll=True )
# Result: rubble:betty

# Remove the reference file betty.mb. All nodes in betty.mb will
# be removed from the scene
cmds.file( 'c:/mystuff/betty.mb', removeReference=True )

# Query whether the file named "foo.mb" exists on disk
#
cmds.file( 'foo.mb', query=True, exists=True )
# Result: 0 #

# Query whether the reference node "rubble:betty is deferred loaded.
# Note, -referenceNode flag has to come before -q flag.
cmds.file(referenceNode='rubbleRN', query=True, deferReference=True )

# Query the last temp file during file save
#
cmds.file( query=True, lastTempFile=True)

构建加载设置和加载设置标签

构建加载设置

# Build load settings for "ref.ma"
cmds.file( 'ref.ma', open=True, buildLoadSettings=True )

编辑这些设置，以指示某些引用应该被带进卸载。
注意:以下命令主要用于内部使用。确定给定引用的数字ID可能不太容易(本例中为“2”)。

cmds.loadSettings( '2', deferReference=1 )

# Edit those settings, to indicate that some reference should
# be brought in unloaded.
# Note: the following command is primarily intended for internal
# use. It may not be easy to determine the numeric ID of a given
# reference ("2" in this case) .
# cmds.loadSettings( '2', deferReference=1 )

使用已经编辑过的设置打开文件

# Use the edited settings when opening the file
cmds.file('ref.ma', open=True, loadSettings='implicitLoadSettings')

#
#   Example for the '-cleanReference' and '-editCommand' flags
#

# Create a simple reference to a sphere
#
cmds.file( force=True, new=True )
cmds.polySphere()
cmds.file( rename='ref.ma' )
cmds.file( force=True, type='mayaAscii', save=True )
cmds.file( force=True, new=True )
cmds.file( 'ref.ma', reference=True, namespace='ref' )

# Scale the sphere
#
cmds.setAttr( 'ref:pSphere1.s', 5, 5, 5 )
cmds.getAttr( 'ref:pSphere1.s' )
# Result: 5 5 5 #

# The 'cleanReference' and 'editCommand' flags only work on
# unloaded references.
#
cmds.file( unloadReference='refRN' )

# Query the setAttr edits:
#
cmds.reference( referenceNode='refRN', query=True, editCommand=True )
# Result: setAttr ref:pSphere1.s -type "double3" 5 5 5 setAttr ref:lightLinker1.lnk -s 2 #

# Remove all setAttr edits on refRN:
#
cmds.file( cleanReference='refRN', editCommand='setAttr' )
cmds.reference( referenceNode='refRN', query=True, editCommand=True )
# Note that nothing is returned

cmds.file( loadReference='refRN' )

cmds.getAttr( 'ref:pSphere1.s' )
# Result: 1 1 1 #
# Note that scale has returned to 1 1 1

# apply the edit file to a reference
cmds.file("translateSphere.editMA", reference=True, applyTo="refRN")
# Result: maps <main> to refRN's namespace

# apply the edit file to nodes in the main scene
cmds.file("translateSphere.editMA", import=True, applyTo=":")
# Result: maps <main> to the root namespace

# apply the edit file to a reference, but it also has connections between two refs
cmds.file("connectionsBetweenRefs.editMA", reference=True, applyTo="refRN", mapPlaceHolderNamespace=("<otherRef>", "otherRefRN"))
# Result: maps <main> to refRN's namespace and <otherRef> to otherRefRN's namespace

# Change the modified state of the file.
cmds.file(modified=True)

# Set the file options
cmds.file( force=True, save=True, options='v=1;p=17',type='mayaAscii');
# Result:The saved file uses full names for attributes on nodes and flags in command.Also the precision of values in file is 17.

# Load Reference Preview

# Create a nested reference with a child reference under a parent reference.
cmds.file( force=True, new=True )
cmds.polySphere()
cmds.file( rename='child.ma' )
cmds.file( force=True, type='mayaAscii', save=True )
cmds.file( force=True, new=True )
cmds.file( 'child.ma', reference=True, namespace='child_namespace' )
cmds.file( rename='parent.ma' )
cmds.file( force=True, type='mayaAscii', save=True )

# Preview the unloaded child reference under the unloaded parent reference.
cmds.file( force=True, new=True )
cmds.file( 'parent.ma', reference=True, namespace='parent_namespace' )
cmds.file( 'parent.ma', unloadReference=True )
cmds.file( 'parent.ma', loadReferencePreview=True )

#
#              Example for 'mergeNamespacesOnClash'
#

# Create a reference
cmds.file( force=True, new=True )
cmds.namespace( add="bar" )
cmds.namespace( set="bar" )
cmds.polySphere();
cmds.file( rename="ref.ma" )
cmds.file( force=True, type='mayaAscii', save=True )

# Create a scene with some namespaces and objects
cmds.file( force=True, new=True )
cmds.namespace( add="ref:foo:bar" )
cmds.namespace( set="ref:foo:bar" )
cmds.polySphere();

# Merge into root
cmds.file('ref.ma', reference=True, mergeNamespacesOnClash=True, namespace=':');

# Merge into nested namespace
cmds.file('ref.ma', import=True, mergeNamespacesOnClash=True, namespace=':ref:foo');

# Don't merge namespace
cmds.file('ref.ma', reference=True, mergeNamespacesOnClash=False, namespace=':ref:foo');

# Now Edit the new namespace and merge it
cmds.file('ref.ma', edit=True, mergeNamespacesOnClash=True, namespace=':ref:foo');

###############################################/

/ Example for export with relativeNamespace #/

###############################################/

cmds.file(new=True,force=True)
cmds.sphere(name=":A:sphereA")
cmds.sphere(name=":A:B:sphereB")
cmds.sphere(name=":A:B:C:sphereC")
cmds.sphere(name=":D:sphereD")

# Select all the spheres.
#
cmds.select(":A:sphereA", replace=True)
cmds.select(":A:B:sphereB",add=True)
cmds.select(":A:B:C:sphereC",add=True)
cmds.select(":D:sphereD",add=True)

# Export all these spheres with -relativeNamespace flag.
#
cmds.file(rename="exp.ma")
cmds.file(force=True, exportSelected=True, type="mayaAscii", relativeNamespace=":A:B")
# The result in the exported file:
# :A:sphereA
# :C:sphereC
# :D:sphereD
# -sphereB
#