Lipid Metabolism

Lipid droplets associated proteins

plin3 plin4 ldah acsl3 mettl7a

Perilipin 2 and 3 (plin), acyl-CoA synthetase 3 (acsl3), lipid droplet associated hydrolase (ldah) and methyltransferase like 7A (mettl7a) are recruited to LD during maturation.

Lipid droplets dynamics

seipin faf2 cidec

Fas associated factor family member 2 (faf2) and seipin are Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteins which form budding LDs. Cell death Inducing DFFA like effector c (cidec) is involved in LD fusion and growth as well as apoptosis.

Fatty acid oxidation

cpt1a cpt1b

Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1a (cpt1a) and b (cpt1b) transform lipids to allow degradation through b-oxidation by mitochondria

Lipogenesis

acaca fasn fabp11a dgat2 gpat4

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (acca) catalyzes the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, which is then synthetized into long chains FA by the fatty acid synthase (fasn). Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 4 (gpat4) relocalizes from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to forming LDs and catalyzes the first step of triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis. Diglyceride acyltransferase 2 (dgat2) is responsible for the conversion of diacylglycerol (DAG) to TAG. Fatty acid binding protein 11a (fabp11a) is involved in lipid transport, storage and breakdown.

Adipogenesis

pparα pparγ

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor a (pparα) and g (pparγ) are transcription factors controlling lipid metabolism in various tissues.

Lipolysis

mgl hsl lpl

Adipose triglyceride lipase (atgl), hormone-sensitive lipase (hsl), and monoacylglycerol lipase (mgl) are lipases which breakdown triglycerides stored in LDs. Lipoprotein lipase (lpl) hydrolyzes triglycerides and clears circulating lipids in the blood.

Ref: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101669

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