Flutter入门（一）环境配置

首先给大家介绍一个学习Flutter的网站

Flutter 官方文档: https://flutter.dev/docs

Flutter github 地址: https://github.com/flutter/flutter

Flutter 中文网: https://flutterchina.club

前沿

工欲善其事必先利其器。学习一门语言的开始，环境的搭建是很重要的，以下是整个流程，并不复杂，但是需要仔细，一步出错即无法搭建成功。

1.下载安装Android Studio

官方地址打不开，请使用这个 https://developer.android.google.cn/studio

2.Android Studio配置

推荐一个很详细的配置文档

如果还需要额外的配置或者期间有什么疑问可以去Android官网查阅

image.png

到这里Android环境我们已经搭建完毕，下面我们来安装Flutter

3.检查安装 HomeBrew

我们在去配置 Flutter 的环境之前，需要先检查一下 HomeBrew 是不是最新的! 如果没有的话就去 HomeBrew官网下载

4: 下载 Flutter SDK

官网SDK下载地址
当然也可以选择 git clone -b beta https://github.com/flutter/flutter.git去克隆

因为Flutter的SDK中包含了很多命令行工具。我们需要配置环境变量，所以建议你安装到你平时放命令行工具程序的地方! 我这里安装在了桌面
../Desktop/FlutterSDK/flutter

5.配置环境变量

Flutter中文

来到你对应 Shell 的配置文件进行配置。
如果你使用默认的bash那么配置 ~/.bash_profile
如果你使用zsh（Mac新系统默认是zsh）那么配置 ~/.zshrc

#Flutter 镜像配置
export PUB_HOSTED_URL=https://pub.flutter-io.cn
export FLUTTER_STORAGE_BASE_URL=https://storage.flutter-io.cn

#Flutter 配置
export FLUTTER=/opt/flutter/bin
export PATH=$FLUTTER:$PATH

配置完成就执行 source ~/.bash_profile
我们也可以通过下面命令检测flutter环境

flutter docter

检测之后会出现以下内容

[✓] Flutter (Channel stable, 3.3.4, on macOS 12.5.1 21G83 darwin-x64, locale zh-Hans-CN)
    • Flutter version 3.3.4 on channel stable at /Users/soul/Desktop/FlutterSDK/flutter
    • Upstream repository https://github.com/flutter/flutter.git
    • Framework revision eb6d86ee27 (7 weeks ago), 2022-10-04 22:31:45 -0700
    • Engine revision c08d7d5efc
    • Dart version 2.18.2
    • DevTools version 2.15.0

[!] Android toolchain - develop for Android devices (Android SDK version 30.0.3)
    • Android SDK at /Users/soul/Library/Android/sdk
    ✗ cmdline-tools component is missing
      Run `path/to/sdkmanager --install "cmdline-tools;latest"`
      See https://developer.android.com/studio/command-line for more details.
    ✗ Android license status unknown.
      Run `flutter doctor --android-licenses` to accept the SDK licenses.
      See https://flutter.dev/docs/get-started/install/macos#android-setup for more details.

[!] Xcode - develop for iOS and macOS (Xcode 14.1)
    • Xcode at /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer
    • Build 14B47b
    ✗ CocoaPods not installed.
        CocoaPods is used to retrieve the iOS and macOS platform side's plugin code that responds to your plugin usage on the Dart side.
        Without CocoaPods, plugins will not work on iOS or macOS.
        For more info, see https://flutter.dev/platform-plugins
      To install see https://guides.cocoapods.org/using/getting-started.html#installation for instructions.

[✓] Chrome - develop for the web
    • Chrome at /Applications/Google Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google Chrome

[✓] Android Studio (version 2020.3)
    • Android Studio at /Applications/Android Studio.app/Contents
    • Flutter plugin can be installed from:
      🔨 https://plugins.jetbrains.com/plugin/9212-flutter
    • Dart plugin can be installed from:
      🔨 https://plugins.jetbrains.com/plugin/6351-dart
    • Java version OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 11.0.10+0-b96-7281165)

[✓] Connected device (3 available)
    • iPhone 14 Pro Max (mobile) • C554884B-17E8-4A21-BBF6-F45D75065A69 • ios            • com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimRuntime.iOS-16-1 (simulator)
    • macOS (desktop)            • macos                                • darwin-x64     • macOS 12.5.1 21G83 darwin-x64
    • Chrome (web)               • chrome                               • web-javascript • Google Chrome 107.0.5304.110

根据是否有红X解决对应平台的问题

6.配置各个平台

1. Android

1.Android-licenses

flutter doctor --android-licenses

点击y就行

2.Android Studio 去安装 Flutter 插件

Android -> configure -> Plugins 或者直接在搜索栏搜索就好