本节主要讲解一下颜色的设置。
1、WebGL可以使用多个多个缓冲器对象向顶点着色器传输数据。

使用两个缓冲器对象传输数据

看一个示例程序

// MultiAttributeColor.js (c) 2012 matsuda
// Vertex shader program
var VSHADER_SOURCE =
  'attribute vec4 a_Position;\n' +
  'attribute vec4 a_Color;\n' +
  'varying vec4 v_Color;\n' + // varying 变量
  'void main() {\n' +
  '  gl_Position = a_Position;\n' +
  '  gl_PointSize = 10.0;\n' +
  '  v_Color = a_Color;\n' +  // 将数据传输给片元着色器
  '}\n';

// Fragment shader program
var FSHADER_SOURCE =
  '#ifdef GL_ES\n' +
  'precision mediump float;\n' + // Precision qualifier (See Chapter 6)
  '#endif GL_ES\n' +
  'varying vec4 v_Color;\n' +    // Receive the data from the vertex shader
  'void main() {\n' +
  '  gl_FragColor = v_Color;\n' +
  '}\n';

function main() {
  // Retrieve <canvas> element
  var canvas = document.getElementById('webgl');

  // Get the rendering context for WebGL
  var gl = getWebGLContext(canvas);
  if (!gl) {
    console.log('Failed to get the rendering context for WebGL');
    return;
  }

  // Initialize shaders
  if (!initShaders(gl, VSHADER_SOURCE, FSHADER_SOURCE)) {
    console.log('Failed to intialize shaders.');
    return;
  }

  // 
  var n = initVertexBuffers(gl);
  if (n < 0) {
    console.log('Failed to set the vertex information');
    return;
  }

  // Specify the color for clearing <canvas>
  gl.clearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);

  // Clear <canvas>
  gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

  // Draw three points
  gl.drawArrays(gl.POINTS, 0, n);
}

function initVertexBuffers(gl) {
  var verticesColors = new Float32Array([
    // 顶点坐标和颜色
     0.0,  0.5,  1.0,  0.0,  0.0, 
    -0.5, -0.5,  0.0,  1.0,  0.0, 
     0.5, -0.5,  0.0,  0.0,  1.0, 
  ]);
  var n = 3; // The number of vertices

  // Create a buffer object
  var vertexColorBuffer = gl.createBuffer();  
  if (!vertexColorBuffer) {
    console.log('Failed to create the buffer object');
    return false;
  }

  // Write the vertex coordinates and colors to the buffer object
  gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexColorBuffer);
  gl.bufferData(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, verticesColors, gl.STATIC_DRAW);

  var FSIZE = verticesColors.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT;
  //获取a_Position存储位置，分配缓冲区并开启
  var a_Position = gl.getAttribLocation(gl.program, 'a_Position');
  if (a_Position < 0) {
    console.log('Failed to get the storage location of a_Position');
    return -1;
  }
  gl.vertexAttribPointer(a_Position, 2, gl.FLOAT, false, FSIZE * 5, 0);
  gl.enableVertexAttribArray(a_Position);  // Enable the assignment of the buffer object

  // 获取a_Color存储位置，分配缓冲区并开启
  var a_Color = gl.getAttribLocation(gl.program, 'a_Color');
  if(a_Color < 0) {
    console.log('Failed to get the storage location of a_Color');
    return -1;
  }
  gl.vertexAttribPointer(a_Color, 3, gl.FLOAT, false, FSIZE * 5, FSIZE * 2);
  gl.enableVertexAttribArray(a_Color);  // Enable the assignment of the buffer object
  return n;
}

程序中vertexAttribPointer函数：

vertexAttribPointer定义

var FSIZE = verticesColors.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT;是计算verticesColors中每个元素的大小，

stride和offset

最终程序的流程如下图所示

内部运行方式

程序运行效果图如下：

运行结果