源码
/**
* A {@code Future} represents the result of an asynchronous
* computation. Methods are provided to check if the computation is
* complete, to wait for its completion, and to retrieve the result of
* the computation. The result can only be retrieved using method
* {@code get} when the computation has completed, blocking if
* necessary until it is ready. Cancellation is performed by the
* {@code cancel} method. Additional methods are provided to
* determine if the task completed normally or was cancelled. Once a
* computation has completed, the computation cannot be cancelled.
* If you would like to use a {@code Future} for the sake
* of cancellability but not provide a usable result, you can
* declare types of the form {@code Future<?>} and
* return {@code null} as a result of the underlying task.
*
* <p>
* <b>Sample Usage</b> (Note that the following classes are all
* made-up.)
*
* <pre> {@code
* interface ArchiveSearcher { String search(String target); }
* class App {
* ExecutorService executor = ...
* ArchiveSearcher searcher = ...
* void showSearch(final String target)
* throws InterruptedException {
* Future<String> future
* = executor.submit(new Callable<String>() {
* public String call() {
* return searcher.search(target);
* }});
* displayOtherThings(); // do other things while searching
* try {
* displayText(future.get()); // use future
* } catch (ExecutionException ex) { cleanup(); return; }
* }
* }}</pre>
*
* The {@link FutureTask} class is an implementation of {@code Future} that
* implements {@code Runnable}, and so may be executed by an {@code Executor}.
* For example, the above construction with {@code submit} could be replaced by:
* <pre> {@code
* FutureTask<String> future =
* new FutureTask<>(new Callable<String>() {
* public String call() {
* return searcher.search(target);
* }});
* executor.execute(future);}</pre>
*
* <p>Memory consistency effects: Actions taken by the asynchronous computation
* <a href="package-summary.html#MemoryVisibility"> <i>happen-before</i></a>
* actions following the corresponding {@code Future.get()} in another thread.
*
* @see FutureTask
* @see Executor
* @since 1.5
* @author Doug Lea
* @param <V> The result type returned by this Future's {@code get} method
*/
public interface Future<V> {
/**
* Attempts to cancel execution of this task. This attempt will
* fail if the task has already completed, has already been cancelled,
* or could not be cancelled for some other reason. If successful,
* and this task has not started when {@code cancel} is called,
* this task should never run. If the task has already started,
* then the {@code mayInterruptIfRunning} parameter determines
* whether the thread executing this task should be interrupted in
* an attempt to stop the task.
*
* <p>After this method returns, subsequent calls to {@link #isDone} will
* always return {@code true}. Subsequent calls to {@link #isCancelled}
* will always return {@code true} if this method returned {@code true}.
*
* @param mayInterruptIfRunning {@code true} if the thread executing this
* task should be interrupted; otherwise, in-progress tasks are allowed
* to complete
* @return {@code false} if the task could not be cancelled,
* typically because it has already completed normally;
* {@code true} otherwise
*/
boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning);
/**
* Returns {@code true} if this task was cancelled before it completed
* normally.
*
* @return {@code true} if this task was cancelled before it completed
*/
boolean isCancelled();
/**
* Returns {@code true} if this task completed.
*
* Completion may be due to normal termination, an exception, or
* cancellation -- in all of these cases, this method will return
* {@code true}.
*
* @return {@code true} if this task completed
*/
boolean isDone();
/**
* Waits if necessary for the computation to complete, and then
* retrieves its result.
*
* @return the computed result
* @throws CancellationException if the computation was cancelled
* @throws ExecutionException if the computation threw an
* exception
* @throws InterruptedException if the current thread was interrupted
* while waiting
*/
V get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException;
/**
* Waits if necessary for at most the given time for the computation
* to complete, and then retrieves its result, if available.
*
* @param timeout the maximum time to wait
* @param unit the time unit of the timeout argument
* @return the computed result
* @throws CancellationException if the computation was cancelled
* @throws ExecutionException if the computation threw an
* exception
* @throws InterruptedException if the current thread was interrupted
* while waiting
* @throws TimeoutException if the wait timed out
*/
V get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException;
}
概念
/**
* A {@code Future} represents the result of an asynchronous
* computation. Methods are provided to check if the computation is
* complete, to wait for its completion, and to retrieve the result of
* the computation. The result can only be retrieved using method
* {@code get} when the computation has completed, blocking if
* necessary until it is ready. Cancellation is performed by the
* {@code cancel} method. Additional methods are provided to
* determine if the task completed normally or was cancelled. Once a
* computation has completed, the computation cannot be cancelled.
* If you would like to use a {@code Future} for the sake
* of cancellability but not provide a usable result, you can
* declare types of the form {@code Future<?>} and
* return {@code null} as a result of the underlying task.
译文：
①、Future表示异步计算的结果。
②、 提供了一些来检查计算是否完成的方法，等待其完成以及返回其计算结果。
③、 只有在计算完成时才可以使用get方法检索结果，必要时将其阻塞，直到准备就绪为止。
④、 取消是通过cancel方法执行的。
⑤、提供了其他方法来确定任务是正常完成还是被取消。
⑥、一旦计算完成，就不能取消计算。
⑦、如果出于可取消性的目的而使用Future而不提供可用的结果，则可以声明Future形式的类型，并作为基础任务的结果返回null 。
取消方法
/**
* Attempts to cancel execution of this task. This attempt will
* fail if the task has already completed, has already been cancelled,
* or could not be cancelled for some other reason. If successful,
* and this task has not started when {@code cancel} is called,
* this task should never run. If the task has already started,
* then the {@code mayInterruptIfRunning} parameter determines
* whether the thread executing this task should be interrupted in
* an attempt to stop the task.
*
* <p>After this method returns, subsequent calls to {@link #isDone} will
* always return {@code true}. Subsequent calls to {@link #isCancelled}
* will always return {@code true} if this method returned {@code true}.
*
* @param mayInterruptIfRunning {@code true} if the thread executing this
* task should be interrupted; otherwise, in-progress tasks are allowed
* to complete
* @return {@code false} if the task could not be cancelled,
* typically because it has already completed normally;
* {@code true} otherwise
*/
boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning);
译文：
①尝试取消执行此任务。
②如果任务已经完成，已经被取消或由于某些其他原因而无法取消，则此尝试将失败
③如果成功，并且在调用{@code cancel}时此任务尚未开始，则此任务不会运行
④如果任务已经开始，则 mayInterruptIfRunning参数确定是否应中断执行该任务的线程以尝试停止该任务。
是否已取消
/**
* Returns {@code true} if this task was cancelled before it completed
* normally.
*
* @return {@code true} if this task was cancelled before it completed
*/
boolean isCancelled();
译文：如果该任务在正常完成前取消了，则返回true
是否完成
/**
* Returns {@code true} if this task completed.
*
* Completion may be due to normal termination, an exception, or
* cancellation -- in all of these cases, this method will return
* {@code true}.
*
* @return {@code true} if this task completed
*/
boolean isDone();
译文：如果该任务已完成则返回true
PS:完成可能是由于正常终止，异常或取消引起的，在所有这些情况下，此方法都将返回true。
获取结果
/**
* Waits if necessary for the computation to complete, and then
* retrieves its result.
*
* @return the computed result
* @throws CancellationException if the computation was cancelled
* @throws ExecutionException if the computation threw an
* exception
* @throws InterruptedException if the current thread was interrupted
* while waiting
*/
V get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException;
译文：必要时等待计算完成，然后返回其结果。
限时获取结果
/**
* Waits if necessary for at most the given time for the computation
* to complete, and then retrieves its result, if available.
*
* @param timeout the maximum time to wait
* @param unit the time unit of the timeout argument
* @return the computed result
* @throws CancellationException if the computation was cancelled
* @throws ExecutionException if the computation threw an
* exception
* @throws InterruptedException if the current thread was interrupted
* while waiting
* @throws TimeoutException if the wait timed out
*/
V get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException;
译文：必要时最多等待给定时间以完成计算，然后返回其结果（如果有）。
